International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

Biomaterials are becoming an increasingly important research topic over time as they are used to replace parts and functions of the human body, helping to improve the quality of human life. Titanium alloys are particularly important for the development of new biomaterials. Commercial pure titanium and its alloys are used as essential structural biomaterials in the manufacture of implants due to their excellent biocompatibility, good corrosion resistance and mechanical strength. However, studies have shown that aluminum and vanadium ions are released in alloys such as Ti-6Al-4V, which can cause health problems over time. Because of the problems that occur, researchers are working to improve the properties of titanium alloys by adding new elements. In most cases, different metals are added to titanium and it is known that with the presence of different metals, the properties of titanium also change. All biomedical titanium alloys must undergo various testing procedures before they can be used. The article describes the characterisation methods used in the development of titanium alloys, such as: light and scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectrometry, X-ray diffraction analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, differential thermal analysis. The reliability of the results depends on the methods used and the avoidance of errors in the characterisation of biomedical alloys in order to reach better conclusions and produce alloys of the highest quality desirable for use in the human body.

Information is given on the study of the process of obtaining two-layer copper permeable powder-fiber materials, based on the activation of the fiber sintering by finely dispersed powder particles process, which are also used to form a thin filter layer. It has been confirmed that the activation of the fiber sintering process by finely dispersed powder particles ensures high-quality consolidation of metal fibers. The optimal ratios between copper fibers, polyvinyl alcohol used for applying fine particles to the fibers, and copper powder have been determined.

The object of the study was carbon particles obtained by the method of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis. The purpose of the work is the development of compositions and technologies for obtaining competitive composite materials modified with low-dimensional carbon modifiers based on vegetable raw materials.

The most common coatings for metalworking tools include titanium nitride, titanium carbide, titanium carbonitride, zirconium nitride, zirconium carbide, zirconium carbonitride, compounds based on chromium, titanium, aluminum, diamond-like coatings that are formed in vacuum using PVD, CVD, PCVD methods or a combination of the above methods. The current trend in the deposition of vacuum coatings is the production of multifunctional coatings, which can significantly increase operational characteristics compared to the starting materials. To form multifunctional coatings, the creation of “sandwich” structures is used, since each layer performs various functions – forming, antiwear, anticorrosion. Thus, the use of a composite multilayer coating containing layers of titanium nitride, titanium, diamondcontaining compounds with a thickness of one layer from 0.1 to 2 microns makes it possible to increase the wear resistance of a metalworking tool by 1.5-5 times.

Nanotechnology has grown in popularity due to the enormous potential for producing materials and products with diverse properties, allowing significant advancement of existing technology and the development of new innovative technologies. Nanomaterials behave differently at the nanoscale than their conventional counterparts, opening exciting new possibilities in a wide range of construction applications. Nonetheless, the lack of information on nanomaterials’ suitability, high costs, and health risks limits their use in construction and structural engineering. As a result, research must be conducted to provide accurate information and facts about the properties and performance of nanomaterials under various load conditions, as well as information on the advantages of using nanomaterials over other construction materials. This paper provides information on nanomaterial properties and how they affect structural materials’ microstructure and mechanical properties. It also demonstrates the benefits of using nanotechnology and suggests new possibilities.

The effect of different heat treatments on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the C45 and S355J2 steel forgings has been presented. Samples of the same forgings, but subjected to the different heating treatments, were prepared and tested by using opticalmicroscopy, tensile machine, and hardness tester. It was observed that the requested mechanical properties of the forgings and uniform structure can be achieved by determining the appropriate heating treatment parameters.

The study of the structure and physicomechanical characteristics of carbon nanostructures, lubricants and cooling liquids was carried out by methods of scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, IR spectroscopy, physicomechanical and physicochemical analysis. Tribotechnical tests were carried out on a friction machine operating according to the “sphere – plane” scheme.The possibility of modifying various liquid media with nanosized carbon particles of various composition, structure, production technology, including those obtained by the method of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis, has been studied. The studies carried out made it possible to establish general trends in the implementation of the synergistic effect in liquid matrices differing in structure, polarity of macromolecules, and molecular weight.

In the paper consider materials for the rapid prototyping (RP) of experimental samples of filtering materials with an orthotropic structure based on woven nets (FMWN) assembled together with test-form and with using of 3D printing. RP made it possible to reduce the labor intensity of the process, primarily by eliminating the operation of sealing samples when using a traditional test form, as well as making the test form and the samples themselves. The data obtained allowed us to conclude that the use of 3D-printing is promising in further work for the manufacture of test form for studying the properties of filtering materials.

Information on a small-size installation for production of atomized powders of copper-based alloys is presented. The process of obtaining pulverized powders of BrSn10Ph1 and BrSn5Zn5Pb5 grades by induction melting and melt gas atomization, intended for hardening of new and restoration of worn surfaces by gas-flame coating, as well as protection against corrosion of parts is studied. The quality of the coatings obtained using the manufactured powders has been confirmed

Titanium Ti-6-4 alloy coated with Ni-base material was obtained via Blended Elemental Powder Metallurgy approach by sintering a mixture of laminated powders. Microstructure and phase composition of obtained laminated material were studied, and formation of Ti2Ni phase and multicomponent phase (Ti, Ni, Al, V, C) with E93 crystal cell of space group 227: Fd-3m was established. The intermetallic melt deeply permeated into the Ti-6-4 material at sintering temperature (1250°C) higher than Ti2Ni melting point (942°C), and a dense gradient structure formed. The microstructure, phase composition and properties of obtained gradient material are discussed in detail.

In this work are presented the development of simulation metods of analysis the phase-structural transformations and properties in alloy steels. The analytical dependencies of this simulation were applied to the calculation of ferritic, pearlitic and bainitic transformations in carbon and alloy steels. To calculate the amount of martensite, the authors used a new equation that has been successfully used in others works too. Based on the developed regression model, isothermal and structural diagrams for 20CrNi4V and 25Cr2Mo1V steels have been constructed. The analysis is performed of the aerial quenching of tools from alloy steels 20CrNi4V and 25Cr2Mo1V, according to the recommended heat treatment schedules in the tools production. For steels 20CrNi4V and 25Cr2Mo1V, it is possible to obtain a bainitic structure in a wide range of cooling rate. Corrections of heat treatment schedule were proposed.

The information is given about small-sized equipment for producing sprayed powders of alloys based on copper and aluminum, intended for strengthening new and restoring worn-out surfaces by applying a gas-flame coating, as well as for the protection of parts against corrosion, process modes and powder properties. The high quality of the coatings obtained with the use of manufactured powders has been confirmed.