International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

The article examines the morphology of high-entropy coatings formed using vacuum technologies on low-carbon steel substrates. Studying the morphology of the surface layers of TiAlSi (N ,C ) coatings formed on low-carbon steel substrates using atomic force and optical microscopy methods made it possible to establish the dependence of the morphological parameters of the coatings on the energy parameters and chemical composition of the substrate. The dependence of the morphological parameters of coatings on the conditions for the formation of vacuum layers on low-carbon steel substrates is also shown.

On the filter for fine air purification example the possibilities of additive technologies are shown, which allow to simplify and facilitate significantly the product development process, in particular, the filtering purpose. The results of 3-D modeling of the filter design, as well as 3-D modeling and 3-D printing of the tooling for studying the properties of filter elements to the filter and their structural elements (except for the filter layer) are given. The possibility of questions operative solution in case of adjustment necessity of tooling designs and filter elements at additive technologies application is noted.

The process of obtaining bronze powders of grade BrSn5Zn5Pb5, obtained by the method of induction melting and spraying of the metal melt with an inert gas, has been studied. It is known that in the production of BrSn5Tsn5Pb5 powder, the main losses of zinc occur during the melting of the components. To study the possibility of reducing zinc losses in the melt, a zinc-containing composite alloying material has been developed. Its effect on the chemical composition of BrSn5Zn5Pb5 powders obtained by induction melting and spraying the melt with an inert gas has been studied.

The possibility to produce white Eco-cement with the use of a dry method under low-temperature firing of a raw material mixture based on the CaO – SiO2 – Al2O3 – MgO system is shown. Computer calculations were performed and an analysis of the dependence of the characteristics of cement clinker on the quantitative ratio of raw components was carried out. A new composition of the raw material mixture with a decrease of 19 wt. % amount of the carbonate component and, accordingly, CO2 emissions during combustion was determined. The peculiarities of phase transformations in the material during firing with a maximum temperature of 1100 ᵒС when microtalcum was introduced into the initial mixture with the formation of pericloze, ockermanite and merwinite as a factor in the structure and properties of cement clinker were noted.

The possibility to produce white Eco-cement with the use of a dry method under low-temperature firing of a raw material mixture based on the CaO – SiO2 – Al2O3 – MgO system is shown. Computer calculations were performed and an analysis of the dependence of the characteristics of cement clinker on the quantitative ratio of raw components was carried out. A new composition of the raw material mixture with a decrease of 19 wt. % amount of the carbonate component and, accordingly, CO2 emissions during combustion was determined. The peculiarities of phase transformations in the material during firing with a maximum temperature of 1100 ᵒС when microtalcum was introduced into the initial mixture with the formation of pericloze, ockermanite and merwinite as a factor in the structure and properties of cement clinker were noted.

Biomaterials are becoming an increasingly important research topic over time as they are used to replace parts and functions of the human body, helping to improve the quality of human life. Titanium alloys are particularly important for the development of new biomaterials. Commercial pure titanium and its alloys are used as essential structural biomaterials in the manufacture of implants due to their excellent biocompatibility, good corrosion resistance and mechanical strength. However, studies have shown that aluminum and vanadium ions are released in alloys such as Ti-6Al-4V, which can cause health problems over time. Because of the problems that occur, researchers are working to improve the properties of titanium alloys by adding new elements. In most cases, different metals are added to titanium and it is known that with the presence of different metals, the properties of titanium also change. All biomedical titanium alloys must undergo various testing procedures before they can be used. The article describes the characterisation methods used in the development of titanium alloys, such as: light and scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectrometry, X-ray diffraction analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, differential thermal analysis. The reliability of the results depends on the methods used and the avoidance of errors in the characterisation of biomedical alloys in order to reach better conclusions and produce alloys of the highest quality desirable for use in the human body.

Information is given on the study of the process of obtaining two-layer copper permeable powder-fiber materials, based on the activation of the fiber sintering by finely dispersed powder particles process, which are also used to form a thin filter layer. It has been confirmed that the activation of the fiber sintering process by finely dispersed powder particles ensures high-quality consolidation of metal fibers. The optimal ratios between copper fibers, polyvinyl alcohol used for applying fine particles to the fibers, and copper powder have been determined.

The object of the study was carbon particles obtained by the method of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis. The purpose of the work is the development of compositions and technologies for obtaining competitive composite materials modified with low-dimensional carbon modifiers based on vegetable raw materials.

The most common coatings for metalworking tools include titanium nitride, titanium carbide, titanium carbonitride, zirconium nitride, zirconium carbide, zirconium carbonitride, compounds based on chromium, titanium, aluminum, diamond-like coatings that are formed in vacuum using PVD, CVD, PCVD methods or a combination of the above methods. The current trend in the deposition of vacuum coatings is the production of multifunctional coatings, which can significantly increase operational characteristics compared to the starting materials. To form multifunctional coatings, the creation of “sandwich” structures is used, since each layer performs various functions – forming, antiwear, anticorrosion. Thus, the use of a composite multilayer coating containing layers of titanium nitride, titanium, diamondcontaining compounds with a thickness of one layer from 0.1 to 2 microns makes it possible to increase the wear resistance of a metalworking tool by 1.5-5 times.

Nanotechnology has grown in popularity due to the enormous potential for producing materials and products with diverse properties, allowing significant advancement of existing technology and the development of new innovative technologies. Nanomaterials behave differently at the nanoscale than their conventional counterparts, opening exciting new possibilities in a wide range of construction applications. Nonetheless, the lack of information on nanomaterials’ suitability, high costs, and health risks limits their use in construction and structural engineering. As a result, research must be conducted to provide accurate information and facts about the properties and performance of nanomaterials under various load conditions, as well as information on the advantages of using nanomaterials over other construction materials. This paper provides information on nanomaterial properties and how they affect structural materials’ microstructure and mechanical properties. It also demonstrates the benefits of using nanotechnology and suggests new possibilities.

The effect of different heat treatments on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the C45 and S355J2 steel forgings has been presented. Samples of the same forgings, but subjected to the different heating treatments, were prepared and tested by using opticalmicroscopy, tensile machine, and hardness tester. It was observed that the requested mechanical properties of the forgings and uniform structure can be achieved by determining the appropriate heating treatment parameters.

The study of the structure and physicomechanical characteristics of carbon nanostructures, lubricants and cooling liquids was carried out by methods of scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, IR spectroscopy, physicomechanical and physicochemical analysis. Tribotechnical tests were carried out on a friction machine operating according to the “sphere – plane” scheme.The possibility of modifying various liquid media with nanosized carbon particles of various composition, structure, production technology, including those obtained by the method of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis, has been studied. The studies carried out made it possible to establish general trends in the implementation of the synergistic effect in liquid matrices differing in structure, polarity of macromolecules, and molecular weight.