International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

The usage of alternative fuels that reduce the emission of harmful components, but do not eliminate their presence (especially nitrogen oxides) will be analyzed in the article. researchers prove that operation process of diesel on standard fuel is characterized by the formation of nitrogen oxides during the combustion of a heterogeneous mixture of diesel fuel and air in those local zones, in which the composition of the mixture is close to the stoichiometric mixture. According to this, an actual problem today is to develop the method of perfect combustion process for diesels, when during the diesel operation the local values of air excess coefficient αi and temperature Ti will not be in the range in which nitrogen oxides and soot are formed. So, converting a diesel engine into gaseous fuel ensures a reduction of toxicity and smokiness in exhaust gases and from this point of view, the values of the air excess coefficient will be considered in accordance with the mode of diesel operation and possibility of using various types of impurities to improve fuel properties and, as a result of their consumption, to improve both, ecological and efficient indicators.

The article deals with the effects of butanol-diesel fuel blends on performance and exhaust emissions of a turbocharged, CRDI 1154HP (85 kW) diesel engine. Load characteristics were taken when running with normal diesel fuel and n-butanol-diesel fuel blends DB1, DB2, DB3, and DB4 possessing 1wt%, 2wt%, 3wt%, and 4wt% of fuel-oxygen at speeds of 1800 and 2500 rpm. The auto-ignition delay increased by 15.5%, burn angle MBF 50 and the combustion ended 7.6% and 6.5% earlier in the cycle, bsfc and engine efficiency were 2.8% and 1.9% higher when using fuel blend DB4 than the respective values of 17.40, 20.90 and 61.20 CADs, 234.4 g/kWh and 0.361 a fully loaded (100%) straight diesel develops at speed of 2500 rpm. The NOx, CO, THC emissions, and smoke decreased by 5.1%, 29.5%, 3.7 times, and 48.1% against the respective values of 1020 ppm, 563 ppm, 260 ppm, and 12.9% a straight diesel develops under these test conditions.

Growth of the economy and living standards of the population increase the need of people’s and goods transportation by sea, railroads, the air, and highways. As a result, increases the need to use more ships, trains, airplanes, heavy-duty trucks, self-powered machines, city busses, and light-duty passenger cars. Unavoidably increases the demand of the fuel to be consumed, however the natural oil – resources are largely exhausted over hundreds of years. Moreover, the increased consumption of a fossil-origin fuel creates the urgent environment pollution problems and climate change. The automotive air-pollution problem emerged already aim of this article was to
investigate the influence of three-component fuel on the efficiency and emission performance of a diesel engine. The results obtained during the research are presented, which are investigated with a single-cylinder diesel engine “ORUVA F1L511”. The study examines diesel fuel and fuel blends J5Bu5, J5Bu10 and J5Bu15. The results obtained in the study are comparable. Engine load characteristics were recorded at n = 2000 rpm. The study found that the lowest carbon monoxide (CO) emissions (163ppm) were obtained by using J5Bu5 fuel blend. Maximum nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions were obtained with the engine running on diesel fuel (1839ppm). The lowest NOx emission was obtained with the engine running on a three-component J5Bu15 fuel blend (1643ppm). The highest opacity was obtained when the engine was fuelled with 100% diesel fuel and at full load.

the article considers the possibilities of diesel engine operation on gaseous fuels, as well as their advantages over standard engines. The focus is on the possibility of running effectively the gas-diesel cycle so that it is brought to the processes occurring in the engine with forced ignition as close as possible. The article also discusses the issues related to optimization of the processes occurring in the gasdiesel engine, which will bring the gas-diesel cycle close to the petrol-running cycle. There are also identified ways to improve the economic and environmental performance of the diesel engine

In this research we investigate the minor chemical elements contain in the particulate matter (PM) exhaust emissions, generated from in – use light duty Diesel combustion engine vehicles. For this purpose we apply high resolution optical emission spectroscopy technique, for precise spectrochemical analysis of Diesel particulate matter (DPM). By means of Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy analytical method we analyse PM from different on road Diesel engine vehicles. DPM were obtained from miscellaneous inuse Diesel engine passenger vehicles of diverse types and models from major brand car producers in Europe.

On wheeled tractors it is expedient to erect the universal regulators, which can be set on singlemode regulation or multimode one, on the basic of serial multimode regulator 4 UTNM the key diagram, construction and manufacture design of research sample of universal multimode – singlemode regulator were worked out.
The work is directed at raising of fuel economy and lowering of harmful rejections of wheeled tractor when performing transport work by using universal regulator and optimal partial high-speed characteristics under one-mode regulation. Worked out mathematical model of the system “operator-tractor train-road” for investigating of influence of character of proceeding of partial high-speed characteristics of diesel engine on expenditure of fuel and harmful rejections of wheeled tractor.
Investigations, conducted on this model, showed the advantages of one-mode regulation in the cases of work of diesel engine at variable modes. Inclination of partial high-speed characteristics under one-mode regulation essentially didn’t influence on economical and ecological indices of wheeled tractor. By experimental investigations is confirmed the adequacy of mathematical model and checked the efficiency of experimental universal regulator.

The article deals with the effects of butanol-diesel fuel blends on performance and exhaust emissions of a turbocharged, CRDI 1154HP (85 kW) diesel engine. Load characteristics were taken when running with normal diesel fuel and n-butanol-diesel fuel blends DB1, DB2, DB3, and DB4 possessing 1wt%, 2wt%, 3wt%, and 4wt% of fuel-oxygen at speeds of 1800 and 2500 rpm. The auto-ignition delay increased by 15.5%, burn angle MBF 50 and the combustion ended 7.6% and 6.5% earlier in the cycle, bsfc and engine efficiency were 2.8% and 1.9% higher when using fuel blend DB4 than the respective values of 17.40, 20.90 and 61.20 CADs, 234.4 g/kWh and 0.361 a fully loaded (100%) straight diesel develops at speed of 2500 rpm. The NOx, CO, THC emissions, and smoke decreased by 5.1%, 29.5%, 3.7 times, and 48.1% against the respective values of 1020 ppm, 563 ppm, 260 ppm, and 12.9% a straight diesel develops under these test conditions.

Given are the results of a comparative design analysis of the operating cycle and thermal stressed state of a piston in diesel engine 2F10,5/12 under rated power conditions. To reduce the thermoelastic stresses in the piston, the paper suggests using the modern method of managing the operating cycle – homogeneous mixing and combustion. Such an operating cycle reduces the maximum local temperature in the combustion chamber and the temperature gradients, thereby reducing the thermal load on the piston.

Four-stroke air cooled, direct injection diesel engine Torpedo BT4L912 during rotational speed variation was investigated in this paper. By using the measurement results obtained at engine brake was calculated several main operating parameters in each engine rotational speed. Rotational speed was varied from 1000 rpm to 2300 rpm. Calculated engine operating parameters are engine torque, effective power, engine brake mean effective pressure, specific effective fuel consumption and volume fuel consumption per engine process. The highest obtained engine torque amounts 338.8 Nm and the highest engine effective power amounts 71.76 kW. Specific effective fuel consumption has the lowest value of 197.42 g/kWh at engine rotational speed of 1800 rpm. Regarding several calculated engine operating parameters, optimal operating point of the analyzed engine is at 1800 rpm.

A change in essential operating parameters of a high speed direct injection turbocharged diesel engine MAN D0826 LOH15 during the injected fuel mass flow variation was presented. Based on two measurement sets, performed with standard diesel fuel, several operating parameters were calculated: engine torque, effective power, excess air ratio, specific effective fuel consumption and heat released per engine process. All of the calculated parameters are presented for a wide engine operating range. Along with calculated, several important parameters were measured, in addition to those presented in measurement sets. Additional measured parameters were lubrication oil temperature and exhaust gas temperature before and after the turbocharger turbine. Those calculated and measured parameters allow deep insight not just into the engine process, but also in the process of turbocharging, which is very important in the analyzed diesel engine operation.

Paper presents an exhaust gas emission investigation for a high speed turbocharged direct injection diesel engine MAN D0826 LOH15 during the fuel and air mass flow variation. Emission analysis is based on a two measurement sets at two different engine rotational speeds (1500 rpm and 2400 rpm). The analyzed diesel engine operates with a standard diesel fuel. Measured emissions were nitrogen oxides (NO_x), unburned hydrocarbons (HC) and soot emissions. Calculated emissions were carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions by using equations from the literature. For the observed diesel engine, much higher NO_x and HC emissions were obtained at the lower engine rotational speed. Soot emission of the analyzed engine, in general, does not have to depend on engine rotational speed. Calculated CO₂ emissions depend primarily on the fuel mass flow and the carbon mass fraction in used fuel.

One of the most critical components of an engine in particular, the connecting rod, has been analyzed. Being one of the most integral parts in an engine’s design, the connecting rod must be able to withstand tremendous loads and transmit a great deal of power. This study includes general properties about the connecting rod, research about forces upon crank angle with corresponding to its working dependencies in a structural mentality, study on the stress analysis upon to this forces gained from calculations and optimization with the data that gained from the analysis. In conclusion, the connecting rod can be designed and optimized under a given load range comprising tensile load corresponding to 360^o crank angle at the maximum engine speed as one extreme load, and compressive load corresponding to the peak gas pressure as the other extreme load.