International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

The importance of artificial lighting in our daily lives is growing, and street lighting has become a major focus over time. The creation of street lighting was motivated by the need to increase visual and property security and public safety. Current developments in metropolitan environments foreshadow the ‘smart cities’ of the future. The basic concept is that CCTV cameras, traffic lights and street lighting all have ‘smart functions’. Municipalities will be able to adapt to the needs of their inhabitants, thus increasing safety, comfort and energy efficiency. Given the adaptability of smart street lighting to the built environment, artificial intelligence is an essential element of smart cities, even in the systems already in place. Extensive sensor networks will facilitate the collection of environmental data by AI. In addition, unauthorised access to information available through IoT systems poses a serious threat. A critical point is the monitoring and protection of surveillance systems that are vital to the operation of smart systems.

Cities today are highly endangered by the global urbanization trends and the sustainability issues that they may bring. With the increasing environmental awareness and the development of technology, there is an urgent need to rethink how we plan and manage our cities. With the advancements in technology, we are entering the era of smart cities where information and communication technologies are used to collect large amount of data to transform city economies, social cohesion and city governance. This paper explains the concept of the smart city and its characteristics which can be used to solve the sustainability problems that the city may face. Following the introduction, the paper continues by presenting six main characteristics of smart cities and their role in sustainability. The chapter then proceeds to a description of a smart sustainable city model that derives from merging three main city models related to sustainability and smartness, namely the eco-city, compact city and data driven city. Finally, the application of smart city technologies that are being used to achieve sustainability in some randomly chosen cities is presented and discussed.

One of the most expected and the most desired implementation of modern technologies is the concept of a Smart City. Meanwhile there are many buzz-words known to describe the ability of implementation of many approaches to provide control for Smart City. Many of such technologies had become known for Industry 4.0 concept, including 5G mobile Internet and autonomous aerial vehicles (so called drones). Nevertheless, there is an open question of how to provide and support limits where and when UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) should be able or not to fly over the city. Naturally, the self-driven drones equipped with a batch of sensors and able to avoid some  obstacles would not be enough for everyday use within Smart City. Current paper is focused on discussion of possible solution to provide UAV with up-to-date data on restrictions, that may be required in a modern city.

This article aims to share results and practices of the research group at VFU in partnership with ICT Cluster-Varna for developing open data solutions for the city of Varna. The final goal is the establishment of open data platform for the city of Varna, Bulgaria. The results from the project Open Data for Smart Cities where API for specific open data for cultural heritage was developed under the funding from Varna – European Youth Capital 2017 and was also presented. Some new business models concerning data is summarized as the bases for new innovative software solutions.

With the development of Cloud technologies we finally have the tools and the solutions needed to start planning and executing an efficient urban transportation. The paper presents concepts and ideas toward Smart City intelligent transportation and traffic, namely agent-based traffic management systems and vehicular Cloud computing. It discusses their main characteristics, architecture and provides examples where such technologies are already implemented. Lastly, it outlines some challenges that arise from the application of Cloud computing and the change of the city into a Smart City.

The idea of smart cities is timely considering that urbanisation is inevitable. While smart city as a concept has gained popularity over the past few years, there is vagueness in the definition, as multiple aspects including governance, public transport and traffic, waste management, entertainment and safety among others, need to be considered.

Europe is among the most urbanised regions on the globe. It is estimated that by 2020 around 80% of Europeans will be living in urban areas, in several countries the proportion will be 90% or more. As we continue to magnetise towards urban hubs we need smart cities – places where networks and services are made more efficient with the use of digital and telecommunication technologies for the benefit of inhabitants, businesses and the environment. The EU is trying to ensure that smart solutions for cities can be explored, implemented and replicated.

The present paper defines some of the aspects of the smart city as safety as well as specific models of smart and safe city will be discussed.

From the beginning of the 21st century the industrial activity and potential are key factors of urban development just like geographical location. The aim of this study is to analyse urban development strategies in the light of the fourth Industrial revolution. The first part presents the challenges the cities are facing, and the possible answers: introducing a concept to create Industry 4.0 "ready" urban environment and to build Smart Cities. In addition a theoretical framework of urban development strategies is also introduced. The second part is an analysis of the urban development strategies of two Hungarian automotive-industry cities Kecskemét and Győr based on the above mentioned criteria

The Hannover Fair of 2011 opened a new era in the German industry: this is when Industrie 4.0, was first published. The series of innovations and developments in information and communication technology, which in turn affects the economic players, thus influencing regional competitiveness. Industrie 4.0 is an imagined future, which in my opinion if a direct or indirect was will have a fundamental influence on smart cities and their environments and regions, given that their primary goal is improving the competitiveness of a country. In the thesis I will provide an overview of the Global Competitiveness Index of the World Economic Forum and the Technisches Universität Wien’s criteria for smart towns. I will establish a statistical correlation between the towns and their countries listed in the two rankings. I will point out how dominant the innovations affecting competitiveness are in these countries and how these may facilitate the implementability of Industrie 4.0. Finally, using cluster analysis I will take a look at the factors that contribute to the cities relative competitiveness.