Industry 4.0
Vol. 6 (2021), Issue 5

Table of Contents

  • TECHNOLOGICAL BASIS OF “INDUSTRY 4.0”

    • Motorized low-cost 3D structured light scanning system for reverse engineering

      pg(s) 174-176

      Recently, development in the 3D technology is becoming more evident. The diffusion of the acquisition systems is helped from the rapid evaluation of the information technology and Mechatronics, permitting low-cost system by using off-the-shelf hardware (webcam, projectors, etc.) for 3D scanning. This paper is focused on the development, implementation and testing of an automated low cost motorized active 3D structured light scanning system (SLS). The scanner is based on the software platform of the DAVID Laser Scanner Vision Systems GmbH’s. Advanced of basic technologies for comparing the scanned data, will show the differences in performance of the 3D data acquisition with a test to reference approach with a commercial scanning system.

    • Improvement of signal quality in CDMA systems on the basis of analysis of correlation properties of pseudo-random sequences

      pg(s) 177-180

      The article presents a continuation of researches in the field of improvement of signal quality in data transmission systems with code division multiple access (CDMA). It is discussed the correlation properties of pseudo-random sequences (PRS) used in the formation of noise-like signals in CDMA systems. The analysis, carried out in MATLAB environment, showed that correlation properties of the Walsh functions derivatives, used for generating PRS, have much better correlation characteristics than the original Walsh functions. Besides, these properties depend on the type of generating function of Walsh functions derivatives. It was justified the advantage of using these signals in the development of CDMA systems in order to improve the signal quality.

    • I4.0 Component Models based on IEC/EN 62264

      pg(s) 181-184

      Laying the foundations on which to build the cyber-physical world of the Fourth Industrial Revolution comes down to creating a unified platform for transforming existing information solutions to ones, that meet the requirements and capabilities of the new integrated world. The RAMI 4.0 standard aims to introduce the concept of “asset” as part of the cyber -physical world, as well as to describe the hierarchical structure of assets in an industrial enterprise during their life-cycle. A similar purpose has another standard – IEC/EN 62264, which describes the operations resources as objects for integration of information between information systems of different h ierarchical levels, as well as models of operational activities for definitions, planning, execution and collecting and analyzing information on these resources.

  • DOMINANT TECHNOLOGIES IN “INDUSTRY 4.0”

  • BUSINESS & “INDUSTRY 4.0”

    • Energy assessment of a grid connected photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) liquid cooling system

      pg(s) 194-196

      Solar energy has a great potential in Albania. The use of hybrid photovoltaic – thermal (PV/T) systems has shown an impressive progress in recent years. PV/T system can produce electricity and thermal energy simultaneously. In this paper, a 200 W PV/T system is introduced using water as cooling fluid, in order to regulate the temperature increase of the photovoltaic panels. The heat is collected via working fluid in a water tank. This study analyses the energy generation of this experimental setup, and aims to provide some accurate information in future developments and implementation of this technology in Albania. Coupling of PV/T system with heat pumps in buildings to meet the energy requirements could be of great interest for Albania’s energy consumers

    • Analysis of the eco-indicators for bulgaria and opportunities for their improvement through the sectors of the green economy

      pg(s) 197-200

      Protecting the environment is vital to keeping life on the planet as we know it. Climate change is a global challenge with a clear complex nature in various aspects – environmental, social, technological, economic and political. At the international and national level, climate change policy is implemented mainly in two directions: 1. climate change mitigation through measures and activities to reduce greenhouse gases and 2. adaptation to the inevitable climate change by assessing risks and mitigation activities of their imp act. Implementing these policies requires investment in new technologies and the integration of climate challenges into green sectoral policies at national and local levels.The purpose of this report is to study the state of environmental indicators for Bulgaria and their development dynamics over the last decade. The results reveal the sectors with the strongest influence on the ecological condition of the country an d the directions for its improvement.

  • SOCIETY & ”INDUSTRY 4.0”

    • Smart sustainable city

      pg(s) 201-203

      Cities today are highly endangered by the global urbanization trends and the sustainability issues that they may bring. With the increasing environmental awareness and the development of technology, there is an urgent need to rethink how we plan and manage our cities. With the advancements in technology, we are entering the era of smart cities where information and communication technologies are used to collect large amount of data to transform city economies, social cohesion and city governance. This paper explains the concept of the smart city and its characteristics which can be used to solve the sustainability problems that the city may face. Following the introduction, the paper continues by presenting six main characteristics of smart cities and their role in sustainability. The chapter then proceeds to a description of a smart sustainable city model that derives from merging three main city models related to sustainability and smartness, namely the eco-city, compact city and data driven city. Finally, the application of smart city technologies that are being used to achieve sustainability in some randomly chosen cities is presented and discussed.