International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

The biosphere as a physical space in which there is life, including human life, is quantitatively characterized by population quantities. The population can be described by certain physical laws in thermodynamic approximation with the application of the notion of entropy. Entropy is a term not only purely physical but also universal. It is a criterion for the description of the evolution and development of the unique Biosphere-Human system. The development of human societies as a part component of the Biosphere is subject to the transformations that are the result of technical developments and the technical-scientific revolution in general. These anthropogenic activities lead to the negative effects upon the Biosphere with the accumulations of pollutants both in the atmosphere and in the system as a whole. The entropy of the Biosphere component as a result of the accumulation of pollutants changes over time. Human physical , ecological and social health is at risk, with the further development of pathological states and human health problems. The entropy of the human component is increasing and the entropy of the Biosphere is decreasing, respectively. The decrease in Biosphere entropy is dictated by the disappear of many species of plants and animals as a consequence of the ecological problem. It is necessary to mention that the steady state and the equilibrium state have different meanings. The steady state is described by a very complex stage under the action of multiple factors with a tendency to stabilize parameters that do not vary over time and the system components “adapt” to these stabilized numerical values such as ambient temperature, pressure and constant amounts of species of animals and plants. The equilibrium state is an idea lized case of the system which from a purely thermodynamic point of view is described by maximum entropy. This paper shows that the human entropy increases at the expense of the decreasing of biosphere entropy, a fact of the universal principle of the conservation of energy. The increase in human entropy results to the instability and risk with self-destructive tendencies unless the steady state is not assured. The mechanisms for the obtaining of the steady state are complex and can be based on some rules and principles at a global level with tendencies to use nontraditional energy sources and of the waste recycling with effects of reducing of the accumulation of pollutants in the atmosphere.

The article deals with the problem of comparative analysis of the experimental results of using standard-free quality assessment measures depending on the type of distortion applied to the image. The previously developed measure based on the Weibullian model of the gradient magnitude and the entropy measures applied both to the original image and to the gradient characteristics of the ima ge are considered as No-Reference quality measures. Weibull distribution parameters are estimating using a set of image gradient magnitudes using the Sobel operator. A series of experiments was carried out on texture images from the well-known Brodatz texture database and the TID2013 database, which contains images distorted by various types. It was observed that texture images are in good agreement with the Weibullian model, which makes it possible to effectively apply the above-mentioned No-Reference measures and carry out a comparative analysis. The use of the TID2013 database with 3000 images, distorted by 24 types, each at five levels, makes it possible to evaluate additionally the effectiveness of the entropy approach to assessing image quality, comparing them with visual assessments also given in the database. Then it was illustrated that applying the entropy approach directly to the original image gives a worse result than applying image gradients to the magnitude. At the same time, a higher sensitivity to structural changes from the level and type of applied distortions is observed. The problem of the expediency of calculating the entropy using estimates of the parameters of the Weibull distribut ion instead of the histogram of the array of gradient magnitudes is investigated separately. The paper contains numerical and graphical materials illustrating the obtained results.

This article describes the entropy method optimization based on the approach of minimal increase of entropy in the thermodynamic system. Here is presented the experimental set up of flat plate solar collector with liquid as working medium, effective absorber area of the collector 1,4 m2, absorber plate of aluminum, copper pipes and selective coating. A comparative analysis is conducted between the efficiency of a theoretical model of nonisothermal solar collector and the efficiency obtained by measuring the physical model of a solar collector. Results show a general trend of growth the collector efficiency due to the reduction of irreversibility of the represented processes.

A statistical model is proposed to analyze the relationship between the clustering coefficient (CC) and the temperature and atomatom interaction potential. CC is defined as the ratio of the number of atoms in clusters to the total number of atoms in a system. The proposed technique is based on the statistical concept of entropy. The clustering coefficient is considered for the equilibrium state.

Nowadays, manufacturing systems are much larger with an increasing number of production lines and units. As a result, the decision-making of manufacturing system is a non-trivial problem and requires complex control subsystems. The use of Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) allows to program various and non-standard solutions. In the paper the application of Multi-Attribute Decision-Making (MADM) methods to a decision-making related to flow control in a manufacturing system with three production lines is described. For this purpose, the SAW (Simple Additive Method), WASPAS (Weighted Aggregated Sum Product ASsessment) and TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) methods are applied and simulated with using manufacturing system model in Matlab Simulink and SimEvents. In methods subjective weights defined by an expert are used. However, in order to move away from subjectivism, Shannon’s entropy is used for determining weights of criteria. The used approaches have been compared.