• TECHNOLOGIES

    Morphology of vacuum coatings based on compounds AlTiSi(CN).

    Machines. Technologies. Materials., Vol. 18 (2024), Issue 6, pg(s) 203-206

    The article examines the morphology of high-entropy coatings formed using vacuum technologies on low-carbon steel substrates. Studying the morphology of the surface layers of TiAlSi (N ,C ) coatings formed on low-carbon steel substrates using atomic force and optical microscopy methods made it possible to establish the dependence of the morphological parameters of the coatings on the energy parameters and chemical composition of the substrate. The dependence of the morphological parameters of coatings on the conditions for the formation of vacuum layers on low-carbon steel substrates is also shown.

  • TECHNOLOGIES

    Utilization of waste chromium electrolyte by addition of Al2O3 nanoparticles to obtain thin chromium coatings

    Machines. Technologies. Materials., Vol. 18 (2024), Issue 4, pg(s) 132-135

    Chromium coatings were obtained from spent (waste) chromium electrolyte with the addition of nanosized aluminum oxide. The recovery of the waste chromium electrolyte is carried out by the activation of the chromium ions using the addition of Al2O3 nanoparticles. Electrochemically thin chromium films were deposited directly on S235 steel. The recovered chromium electrolyte has a concentration of nanoparticles of Al2O3 up to 10 g/l, which particles act as intensifiers of the electrochemical process. Analysis was performed with a “Polyvar Met” metallographic microscope and a Bruker D8 Advance powder X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The microstructure of the layer and the matrix were examined and the main phases were determined. SEM-EDS analysis of the chromium layer and the steel matrix was performed. The thickness of the obtained chrome coating with aluminum oxide nanoparticles was determined, which varies between 5 – 10μm.

  • MATERIALS

    Nanophase structures in vacuum multilayer coatings formed on tool and high-speed steels

    Machines. Technologies. Materials., Vol. 16 (2022), Issue 7, pg(s) 251-254

    The most common coatings for metalworking tools include titanium nitride, titanium carbide, titanium carbonitride, zirconium nitride, zirconium carbide, zirconium carbonitride, compounds based on chromium, titanium, aluminum, diamond-like coatings that are formed in vacuum using PVD, CVD, PCVD methods or a combination of the above methods. The current trend in the deposition of vacuum coatings is the production of multifunctional coatings, which can significantly increase operational characteristics compared to the starting materials. To form multifunctional coatings, the creation of “sandwich” structures is used, since each layer performs various functions – forming, antiwear, anticorrosion. Thus, the use of a composite multilayer coating containing layers of titanium nitride, titanium, diamondcontaining compounds with a thickness of one layer from 0.1 to 2 microns makes it possible to increase the wear resistance of a metalworking tool by 1.5-5 times.

  • Morphological and structural features of electrospark coatings

    Materials Science. Non-Equilibrium Phase Transformations., Vol. 7 (2021), Issue 2, pg(s) 64-66

    The morphology of the coatings has a significant effect on the tribological characteristics of the contacting bodies. Depending on the relief of the surface layers of the coatings, the resistance of the modified substrates to corrosion is dete rmined. It is known that the processes of friction and corrosion have a decisive influence on the performance of products. To reduce the influence of these processes, various protective coatings are used, including those formed by the method of electrospark alloying. The aim of th is work was to study the morphology and structure of electrospark coatings formed by layer-by-layer electrospark alloying. In the course of the studies carried out, it was found that these coatings are morphologically heterogeneous, with a large number of cracks and splats.

  • TECHNOLOGIES

    Hybrid methods for hardening of superhard vacuum coatings

    Machines. Technologies. Materials., Vol. 13 (2019), Issue 10, pg(s) 451-453

    Physicomechanical and adhesion characteristics, specific surface energy of vacuum coatings formed on high-speed steels of the P6M5 type subjected to processing at cryogenic temperatures are investigated. The structural transformations occurring in vacuum coatings formed on steel substrates with subsequent processing at low temperatures were studied. A change in the tribological characteristics of titanium nitride coatings during subsequent processing in a cryogenic liquid is shown.

  • Preparation and characterization of nanostructured ferric hydroxyphosphate adjuvants

    Industry 4.0, Vol. 3 (2018), Issue 6, pg(s) 308-311

    This article describes part of the results obtained during the development of a new generation of vaccine adjuvants based on nanostructured hydroxyphosphates of tunable composition and physicochemical characteristics. Colloidal gels of ferric hydroxyphosphates of various iron/phosphate ratios were prepared by precipitation techniques, sterilized by autoclaving and analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dark-field optical microscopy. The obtained materials were composed of a network of amorphous nanoparticles (<20 nm in size) that were aggregated into micron-sized structures in physiological saline. Preliminary adsorption experiments indicated the ability of the obtained materials to adsorb protein substances, which is an important prerequisite for their potential application as vaccine adjuvants and further optimization of the production process to achieve reproducibility of the physicochemical characteristics.

  • ADHESION AND PHYSICO-MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF COATINGS OF CHROMIUM CARBONITRIDE, GENERATED ON STEEL SUBSTRATES

    Machines. Technologies. Materials., Vol. 12 (2018), Issue 9, pg(s) 382-385

    In the present work, the adhesion and physico-mechanical characteristics of heat-resistant vacuum coatings formed on steel substrates are investigated. An increase in the values of adhesion and physico-mechanical parameters of coatings formed from multicomponent compounds is established. The tribotechnical characteristics of coatings based on chromium carbonitride have been studied.

  • DOMINANT TECHNOLOGIES IN “INDUSTRY 4.0”

    STUDYING SIDE-EFFECTS OF GAMMA-IRRADIATION PROCESSING OF LEATHER MATERIALS

    Industry 4.0, Vol. 2 (2017), Issue 5, pg(s) 228-231

    The paper describes part of the results of the first year of the IAEA Coordinated Research Project F23032, Contract № 20567 on “Studying Side-Effects of Gamma Irradiation Treatment for Disinfestation of Cultural Heritage Artefacts”. Calf leather, calf suede and pig skin patterns were selected and analyzed by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) before and after the gamma-irradiation treatment with 5 kGy, 10 kGy and 15 kGy absorbed doses at low dose rate. The irradiation of the leather materials was performed in the gamma-irradiation facility BULGAMMA based on JS-850 60Co type gamma irradiator at Sopharma JSC. No significant changes in the leather morphology and thermal decomposition were observed as a result of the gamma-irradiation treatment. Conclusions on the applicability of gamma-irradiation treatment for preservation of leather items with insecticide and fungicide doses were done.

  • ENERGY TECHNOLOGY ACTIVATION COMPONENTS FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS BASED ON POLYMERIC MATRIX

    Machines. Technologies. Materials., Vol. 10 (2016), Issue 7, pg(s) 51-52

    Investigated the mechanisms of interfacial interactions in composite materials based on thermoplastic matrices modified with dispersed particles of silicon and carbon-containing compounds with high energy activity. It was found that the laser treatment of particulate and fibrous particles occurs comprehensive modification of the surface layer, which consists in shaping the development of the morphology of the surface layer and increase its energy. For the modification of thermoplastic matrix including high-viscosity (polyamides, PTFE) prospectively the use of dispersed fragments of carbon fiber (CF) fraction 50-150 microns, subjected to the effects of a short pulse laser, having developed the morphology of the surface layer and the presence of defects through thermal degradation. When using this modifier in an amount of 5-30 wt.% for filling PA6, PA66, PTFE provides increased of parameters deformation and strength characteristics due to the increased mechanical component adhesive interaction at the interface of "matrix-filler". An additional effect is realized in the processing of the surface layer of CF fluoride compounds oligomeric or polymer-oligomeric structure. The modified fluorinated hydrocarbon components fragments CF when laser pulse processing are exposed to the active low molecular weight products ablation, so that the surface layers are formed with a high affinity to the matrix polytetrafluoroethylene. The complex method of modifying CF is effective for highly filled fluoro composites containing 25-35 wt.% of carbon fillers due to the decrease in the probability of formation of cluster structures of the filler particles. Dispersed particles silicate (clay, tripoli, talc) and carbon (graphite, carbon black, shungite) when exposed to laser radiation susceptible to degradation with the formation of nanoscale fragments in a moving layer, thus increasing their activity in the processes of the interfacial interaction in the formation of composites based on oligomeric and polymeric matrices.

  • TECHNOLOGY LASER MODIFICATION IN MATERIAL SCIENCE NANOCOMPOSITES FOR METAL-POLYMERIC SYSTEMS

    Materials Science. Non-Equilibrium Phase Transformations., Vol. 2 (2016), Issue 3, pg(s) 8-9

    Are investigated mechanisms and kinetics of structural transformations polymeric substrates and of disperse particles fillers and modifiers exposed defocused laser radiation with energy in the range of 1.5 to 6 J. Installed effect of hardening the thermoplastic matrices (polyolefins, polyamides, of polyesters) when exposed to short laser pulses on a film sample thicknesses of 50-200 microns. The methods of structural analysis (IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, DTA) showed, that the predominant mechanism of manifestation hardening effect is the formation of nano-sized structures in the film sample volume due to leakage of recrystallization processes. When exposed to laser radiation to disperse and fibrous particles of silicates, graphite, schungite, carbon fibers is implementing a complex effect of increasing the dispersion and the formation of advanced morphology of the surface layer with an increase in the proportion of nano-sized fragments whisker and lamellar habitus. When laser irradiation of fibers fragments formed developed morphology of the surface layer, due to the occurrence of thermal degradation processes that lead to the appearance of cracks and of globular indentations. Spectroscopy method of thermally stimulated currents (TSC – spectroscopy) established the effect of changing the energy state of the surface layers of substrates and particulate modifiers, which are characterized by extreme values of magnitude TSC – currents in the temperature range 193-523 K. The combined effect of energy and morphological factors provides the effect of increasing the activity of modifying components subjected to the laser processing. Changing the energy state of the surface layer of the polymer substrate has a beneficial bactericidal effect, increases the effectiveness of antiseptic treatment of medical devices used in medical practice. Are presented examples of the practical use of the established laws when creating polymer composites for metal-polymer systems for various applications.

  • THIN FILM COATINGS FOR LOW WEAR METAL-POLYMER SYSTEMS

    Innovations, Vol. 4 (2016), Issue 1, pg(s) 20-21

    Investigated the features of the structure of the thin-film coatings based on polymeric and oligomeric matrix formed by dipping, spraying or rubbing. It was found a significant effect of energy substrate parameters and components of the coating on the mechanisms of interfacial interactions that determine the parameters of strength, tribological and protective coatings. The active layer morphology of the surface of the substrate formed by mechanical, laser or chemical influence, characterized by the presence of low-dimensional components of different habitus, which affect the energy and mechanical component adhesive strength. By managing service parameters of composite material components on the basis of polymeric and oligomeric matrix manages to change the mechanisms of formation of coatings on metal substrates of carbon steels and non-ferrous metals. Coatings based on the thermal ablation of PTFE products are effective in the process of running heavy-duty friction units and their operation at reversing the motion. Installed effect Nanophase formation regions in the volume of the coating, which help to increase their durability in friction without external supply of lubricant.