Industry 4.0
Vol. 6 (2021), Issue 2

Table of Contents

  • TECHNOLOGICAL BASIS OF “INDUSTRY 4.0”

    • Case study application of a strategic complexity management framework for complex industrial systems

      pg(s) 41-45

      A strategic decision-making tool to generate holistic strategic complexity management strategies for complex engineered systems (SCM) is applied to a real-world case of an industrial manufacturing system at a European health & beauty manufacturer. The case study has the the goal to test and discuss the practical applicability of the SCM framework. As a first step, the SCM basic structure, the applied complexity dimensions in the form of structural, dynamic, and environmental complexity are demonstrated. In a second step, th e framework’s strategic capabilities are theoretically demonstrated based on a set of generic norm strategies. In a third step the results of the SCM appli – cation on the described case is described, results and learnings are identified and discussed. As a final step, a short outlook for further research is provided.

  • DOMINANT TECHNOLOGIES IN “INDUSTRY 4.0”

    • Impedance matching analysis of magnetic resonance coupled power transfer system

      pg(s) 46-49

      Remote Electric Vehicles (EV) charging could become a viable alternative to cable systems. This paper is dedicated to the ana lysis of the Strongly Coupled Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) serial-to-serial topology aimed at establishing the impedance matching and obtains the maximum efficiency and power transfer coefficient. The research was done by using a model of equivalent circuits, experimental investigation and finite-element modeling of the mutual inductance. Upon generalizing the results obtained from the analytical and experimental research as well as 3D modelling of magnetic fields using Comsol Multiphysics, the interrelationships between internal resistance of voltage source and load resistance, characteristic and loss resistances as well as the distance between coils (the strength of magnetic coupling) necessary to ensure maximum efficiency and power transfer coefficient were established. The results of exp erimental research and modelling of the active power transfer coeff icient were presented.

    • Retrofit of an electric motor driving a shuttleless weaving grapple machine

      pg(s) 50-55

      In specific energy saving measures, special attention is paid to driving technologies, as electric drives account for two thirds of industrial energy consumption. Paper deals with appropriate selection of electric motor with higher efficiency for shuttleless weaving grapple machine in order to retrofitting the electric drive. Such machines are not single pieces, but are always a certain set of a given production company. Once electricity consumption is reduced by investing in energy-saving engines, this can be the basis for intelligent and efficient energy management, accurate predictions of electricity consumption for future periods, which ultimately leads to increased energy efficiency of manufacturing enterprises.and systems.

    • Efficiency and loss analysis of main steam condenser from nuclear power plant at various loads and ambient temperatures

      pg(s) 56-59

      This paper presents exergy analysis of the main steam condenser, which operates in nuclear power plant. The analysis is performed in four main condenser operating regimes (loads) for a variety of the ambient temperatures. It is found that the main steam condenser has the lowest exergy destruction (equal to 72091.56 kW) and the highest exergy efficiency (equal to 66.66%) at the lowest observed ambient temperature (5 °C) and for the highest of four observed loads. Also, it is noted that an increase in the ambient temperature from 20 °C to 25 °C (two the highest observed ambient temperatures) significantly decreases main steam condenser exergy efficiency for about 21%, regardless of the observed load.

    • Comparing the Effectiveness/Robustness of Gammatone and LP Methods with the direct use of FFT

      pg(s) 60-62

      In this paper we evaluate the growth of Automatic Speech Recognition systems in respect to the various forms of spectral analysis ways used. A straightforward analysis of platter and Gammatone filter banks used for spectral analysis compared with the direct use of FFT spectral values is taken into account. This analysis was supported understanding the effectiveness of existing Automatic Speech Recognition systems that are specifically targeted on platter and Gammatone filter banks compared with FFT spectral values. We discover that warping the FFT spectrum directly, instead of using filter bank averaging, provides an additional precise approximation to the sensory activity scales. Direct use of FFT spectral values are even as effective as using either Gammatone or Linear Prediction filter banks, as long as the feature extracted from the FFT spectral values takes into consideration a Gammatone or platter like frequency scale. Computing speech signals using FFT or filter bank spectral features and utilizing a method supported by a sliding block of spectral features, is shown to be simpler in terms of ASR accuracy.

  • BUSINESS & “INDUSTRY 4.0”

    • Industrial production in Croatia

      pg(s) 63-65

      Croatian entrepreneurs recognize the importance of Industry 4.0. for the overall development of the economy. There is an awareness that product digitization can ensure employment growth and modernization of the economy leading to higher financial results. Some Croatian solutions in terms of digital products are already present. Nevertheless, Industry 4.0 in Croatia is still in its infancy, which is an opportunity for Croatian companies, but they are facing strong competition on a global level. There are no consistent data on the level reached by Croatia in terms of smart production, but there is data that Croatia is somewhere in the European Union average in terms of technological renewal of its companies, but in terms of the share of new products it is at the bottom of the European Union. What Croatia is like in terms of total industrial production, employment and productivity in industry, and what is the strategy for achieving greater competitiveness is the topic of this paper.

    • Newtonian dynamics phenomenological econophysics of microeconomical systems

      pg(s) 66-71

      The study of the activities of microeconomic systems always remains a very important task of quantitative description of these systems. The microeconomic system of stocks in general is characterized by the possession of some quantity of stocks that is a potential for the revenues generating as the result of customer demands. The quantity of stocks evolves over time as a “trajectory” according to the theory of classical mechanics. This trajectory in economic terms is called the trend. The system “moves” on this trajectory and the movement takes place under the action of the forces acting on the system. This study delimits the following names of the forces acting on th e microeconomic system. The first type of the force from the customers is called the driving force Fm. For the stable efficient continuation of the system over time, it is necessary both the permanent insurance with stocks from the distributors and the payments in the form of salaries and other various taxes and they will be called in economic terms with a general term friction forces Ffr. These friction forces stop the numerical increase of revenues in general.
      A special force called the gravitational econophysical force acts on the system because the system is situated within this econophysical gravitational field that is generated by the customer population itself. This econophysical gravitational field has the maximum possible gravitational acceleration of the order of ≈5.7 for all types of microeconomic systems. The value of g is calculated in this research and finally this conception of gravitational model is validated. The system posses a mass that is called by the suggestion like econophysical mass M. The average value of econophysical mass <M> is calculated in this research. This econophysical mass is nothing else but the gross profit. The product of econophysical mass with the gravitational acceleration is called gravitational force. The opposite for ce is the reaction force R from the support of this trend. The support has the meaning of the supply of new stocks from the distributors. The vectorial sum of all forces is the resultant force that in its turn generates acceleration. If the acceleration exist then the systems moves on th is trend with various slopes. The respective projections of the forces on the x-axis and y – axis on the trend allow calculating the values of accelerations. The obtained results of accelerations are smaller than of gravitational. The analogy of mechanical impulse is the net profit. The instantaneous values of the net profits are various over time depending on the cumulative expenses Ecum and cumulative revenues Rcum. Finally the slopes of
      the trend allow observing that the values of accelerations depend on the slopes. Very steep slopes give the value of gravitational acceleration.
      The mechanical conception of the description of the activity of microeconomic systems allows understanding deeply the mechanisms of the generation of bankruptcy as well as the special conditions necessary for income generation by the application of the quantitative relations of the theory of Newtonian mechanics.

  • SOCIETY & ”INDUSTRY 4.0”

    • Digital transformation of management in the global pandemic situation

      pg(s) 72-75

      The global pandemic has changed the responsibilities of managers and the functioning of organizations. Those who had embarked on the path of digital transformation found themselves in a favourable position and quickly adapted to the imposed changes. Their managers had accumulated experience and training for effective management of turbulent organizational change. The adaptation of managers helped to transform the work process and control the implementation of tasks. The report discusses issues related to the impact of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the global pandemic situation on management. Key factors determining the direction of management transformation towards leadership in the conditions of digitalization and “work from home” are described. The essential chara cteristics of the digital literacy of the leader are commented. The impact of artificial intelligence on strategic management and approaches to human capital management is assessed. Observed management problems are studied and guidelines are given to deal with management cha llenges in the context of a global pandemic.

    • Knowledge management in education: automatic generation of materials for knowledge examination

      pg(s) 76-78

      Every teacher at any level of education builds and manages a knowledge base relevant to his subject in electronic form. This paper presents methodological principles and an example of the development of an information system for knowledge management and the preparation of materials for knowledge examination. In the developed system, collections of true statements in the form of free – unstructured text were used. A simplified notation scheme was used for hierarchies and classifications, and generically formulated problems with solutions in symbolic form (in mathematics and physics) were obtained using the SymbolicC ++ library. The developed information system enables automatic generation of knowledge tests (in PDF or HTML format), which contain the formulation of questions or problems, the exact solution as well as the offered false answers, obtained from the knowledge base

    • Analysis of the Effective Factors for Hotel Selection by Using the Fuzzy AHP Method

      pg(s) 79-82

      The selection of accommodation plays a crucial role in tourist trips as an unsuitable choice might affect the tourists’ activities. Decision-making related to the choice of an optimal hotel is a complex process due to the variety of factors and tourist preferences. By applying the Fuzzy AHP (analytical hierarchy process) method, this study aims to overcome uncertainty and to support the tourists’ decisions to choose the optimum hotel on the booking.com website. The adopted criteria for optimal selection include hotel rating, hotel price, Wi-Fi availability, free parking, breakfast availability, and free cancellation service. The criteria are compared to stakeholder preferences and weighted by using the FAHP method. The results show that the hotel price is the most influential criterion in hotel selection, whereas the free cancellation criterion has the lowest impact.