Industry 4.0
Vol. 7 (2022), Issue 4

Table of Contents

  • TECHNOLOGICAL BASIS OF “INDUSTRY 4.0”

    • Additive Manufacturing in the Scope of Industry 4.0: A Review on Energy Consumption and Building Time Estimation for Laser Powder Bed-Fusion Processes

      pg(s) 118-122

      The paradigm of Industry 4.0 pushes additive manufacturing (AM) from rapid prototyping towards the position of series production. Especially in metal 3D printing, increased attention is being paid to the topics of sustainability and resource efficiency. Energy demand during production and the calculation of building times play a decisive role here. Science has developed models for calculating energy consumption based on analytical and empirical approaches. Building time calculators have been introduced using a wide variety of analytical, analogical and parametric approaches. The present review summarizes the results and the state of the art, illustrates the results graphically and thus paves the way for further research approaches. The specific energy consumption per kilogram of processed material has risen over the last decades, which can be explained by higher technical requirements for production machines. Building time calculations continue to be subject to errors, depending on the type of calculation. The introduction of machine learning approaches has the potential to reduce this discrepancy.

    • Benefits of Industry 4.0 in manufacturing textile sector: Case study: implementation of RFId

      pg(s) 123-125

      The importance of industry 4.0 is increasing continuously in the apparel sector. The evolution in manufacturing with implementation of the new modes of production nowadays is widely known. The benefits that come from each new development in the digital information technology has to be fasten embraced. The main advantage is the improvements of the supply chain efficiency. The innovation based on the industry 4.0 allow companies to optimize their actual production systems and enhance more efficient processes. Smart manufacturing can help the apparel industry more specifically by making the concept of affordable mass customization in reality. This paper helps us understand how industry 4.0 affects manufacturers in the apparel industry. We are going to illustrate this through a case study in a garment factory. There are several ways of advanced digital technologies that can assure high efficiency in the production. The actual production process is batch flow and the company is implementing a new tool which is RFId (Radio-frequency identification or radiofrequency identification) technology. Connected an RFId Tag to a part of the product to be tracked, each piece can be monitored in real time, having all the location and traceability information and machine data in real time piece by piece. Items and products can be monitored as they move through the factory allowing for quick and automatic identification without errors. This allow to maximize the use of production resources and correctly optimize stocks of raw materials.

  • DOMINANT TECHNOLOGIES IN “INDUSTRY 4.0”

    • Obliteration of surface defects in 3D printing of metals by reactive electro spark surface modification

      pg(s) 126-130

      In this work the possibilities of reducing the roughness and defects of surfaces obtained by 3D printing with selective laser melting (SLM), via reactive electrospark surface modification (ESD) with low-melting AlSi alloys has been shown. The influence of the energy parameters of the ESD process on the roughness, microstructure, microhardness and performance characteristics of the coatings has been studied. Surfaces with new phases and ultrafine crystal-amorphous structure with particle sizes from micro to nano level, with new relief, with thickness up to 15 μm and microhardness up to 11 GPa were obtained, as the initial SLM roughness from Ra = 8-11μm is reduced to Ra=3-5 μm. Possibilities for control of the characteristics of the coatings and purposeful synthesis of new phases by changing the parameters of the spark discharge have been established. The parameters of the ESD process, which provide simultaneous reduction of SLM surface roughness, removal and erasure of the defects and targeted reactive synthesis of new phases with high performance properties and wear resistance, are defined and optimized.

    • Tribological Examinations of X210Cr12 Steel

      pg(s) 131-134

      In order to test the tribological properties of the high alloy ledeburite steel X210Cr12, test samples were made on which the mass loss was measured before and after the wear test. The test was performed using the “pin on disk” method on the Taber abraser device, with part of the samples tested without lubricant and part with lubricant to compare and present the results. X210Cr12 steel was chosen as the material for the pin sample, while low alloy steel was chosen for the disk sample. In the lubricant test, hemp oil was used and analyzed to show the effects of this oil on the lubrication and wear of the material. During the test, each sample was subjected to a modified load and a modified number of cycles. From the test results, it can be concluded that hemp oil exhibited satisfactory properties over all test cycles, with an approximately constant pattern of mass loss. In addition, hemp oil showed more favorable properties at higher test loads and a greater number of test cycles, so it can be used as a lubricant based on the test results obtained under test conditions such as those that prevailed in this test.

    • Survey of process parameters for a better product quality in industrial production with a low-cost 3D printer

      pg(s) 135-138

      The most important areas of the industry, need products with short development stages. Additive manufacturing (AM) techniques, as Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM), are an integrated solution to the overall conception and product development cycles; the same competition is based on the development of new products with technological features, design and functional solutions in the shortest time. In this paper are discussed different process parameters for fused deposition modelling that affects the parts quality by using a low-cost 3D printer machine in order to produce an industrial product. The process parameters taken into the analysis, resulted effective in improving final parts quality.

    • Using a 3D printer to innovate textile products

      pg(s) 139-141

      Today, 3D printing is available not only for industrial, semi-professional use, but also for hobbies and schools. Therefore, students TUL make full use of 3D printing within the subject Project Management. One of the topics they address is use of 3D printing for a textile product. They are looking for an answer to the question: How to 3d printing technology use for made a textile product?

  • BUSINESS & “INDUSTRY 4.0”

    • Solar Energy an Instrument for Reducing High Electricity Prices in Industry Sector in Albania

      pg(s) 142-146

      The research focus addresses to installation of PV modules in industry sector in Albania. Due to energy crises, the prices are going higher and with the new regulations that are defined by Albanian government, businesses that are connected to 20kV, 10kV, 6kV transmission lines must secure the energy supply by their selves in open market, since a part of price was covered by government, now companies are facing higher prices. The new price is expected to increase more than 70%, up to 0.16 €/kWh from 0.092 €/kWh. Also, companies that will be in the open market will face price volatilities, hence with the installation of PV modules, reduction of electricity price is possible, since the LCOE (levelized cost of electricity) for the PV in Albania, including 20% VAT tax, is calculated around 0.035 €/kWh. To calculate the effect in electricity price a simulation using RETScreen Expert is performed. The simulations are made for a company connected to a 20kV electricity transmission line where an on-grid PV system 217.28 kW power installed is integrated on the roof. The PV modules covers 52.4% of the company electricity demand, by generating 286055 kWh electricity yearly from which 68% of electricity generated from PV is consumed by the company and 32% is exported to grid because company works 8 h/day and there is not an electricity storage system installed. With the price increment from 0.092 €/kWh to 0.16 €/kWh, the total earnings from PV installed system will be increased by an average 65.3% and if the electricity price in the open market is doubled the total earnings will be increased by an average 85.3%.

  • SOCIETY & ”INDUSTRY 4.0”

    • Mapping floods risk for the implementation of an efficient management of natural disasters in Romania and Republic of Moldova

      pg(s) 147-150

      Technological development must be used to support and facilitate the society safety and evolution. Hazard maps, created based on innovative computer software, have the purpose to prevent and reduce material damages, injuries and deaths. The present paper approaches the design and realization of hazard maps with the purpose of reducing the cross-border gaps between Romania and Republic of Moldova on flood vulnerability. The results conclude on prevention measures in case of emergency situations and regional planning at European Union East border for the increase of society safety.

    • Forms of synergetic interaction between Industry 4.0 and regional tourism in the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine

      pg(s) 151-154

      In the context of large-scale and diverse forms of international assistance for the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine, it is necessary to identify and offer foreign partners a format to support tourism in our country, especially inbound one. A possible proposal is to develop an international program to encourage foreign tourists to come to Ukraine on special tours, which will be partially funded by donor countries. Combining domestic tourist flows with foreign flows of this type is possible through tourist events, especially festivals. In this format, the festival will have significant synergetic potential, as it will be a point of unification of tourist flows in time and space. The experience of international kite festivals as a special form of event tourism is researched. It allowed to summarize certain features of festivals as tourist events. Certain aspects and features proved the complexity of such phenomena as a tourist event, festival event, the complexity of their preparation and conduct, active interaction with socio-economic processes in the territory.

    • Future Employment Distribution

      pg(s) 155-157

      The objective of the paper is to outline a job distribution in EU in a long run. There is an attempt to point out the main drivers in EU labour market and their possible outcomes. There is a structural and geographical point of point of view. An attempt to depict the labour market in 10 years is made.