Innovations
Vol. 8 (2020), Issue 2

Table of Contents

  • THEORETICAL PROBLEMS IN INNOVATIONS

    • Intellectual product as factor of economic growth

      pg(s) 46-48

      The paper deals with changing roles of economic growth sources in the context of historic development, attempting to determine
      factors adequate to modern requirements. Four stages of civilization process development are identified, each with a specific combination of growth sources. The paper puts forward a theoretical thesis formulated on the basis of American statistical data. The thesis stating that in the modern industrial-informational economy one of the coordinate axes of growth factor space represents physical and another one – intellectual capital, has received some empirical validation. It has been demonstrated that significant build-up of intellectual product share in production investments in 1983 – 2003 laid down the grounds for unit investment stabilization, thus, accelerating the average annual labor productivity growth rate. A modest growth of intellectual product in 2004 – 2016 proved inadequate to counter a marked growth in demand for capital.

    • Measuring of the innovative potential of human resources

      pg(s) 49-53

      This paper provides an overview of theoretical approaches and methods used to assess the innovative potential of human resources and identification of the key elements and conditions for development of the innovative potential. We suggest indicators to measure the innovative potential assessment which include assessment of opportunities that the external environment provides for implementation of the innovative potential, the effectiveness of implementation of the innovative potential, and the resources available for innovation. The following conditions for development of the innovative potential of human resources were identified: ethical norms and values existing in the society that support the drive to the unknown and a hard work based on the creative approach, a system of continuous education and propagation of innovative activities in the society, a high level of income and a high quality of life, an open and non-conservative social environment.

    • Innovation and models of innovation: A brief insight into the definition and different models of innovation

      pg(s) 53-55

      Innovation has been a key element for huge successful firms in the past few decades. The fast pace at which the markets and market expectations change today requires firms to be able to come up with new ideas, products, and even manufacturing processes, which have never been seen before. Thus, innovation is one of the major elements in keeping our economy constantly growing. Throughout this paper we will present some of the basic models of innovation, starting with the definition of innovation itself. What does it mean? Where does it originate from?

  • INNOVATION POLICY AND INNOVATION MANAGEMENT

    • Marketing of agricultural innovations within EU Horizon 2020’s RRI concept – an integrated marketing communications perspective

      pg(s) 56-59

      Modern agriculture has been causing a headache for researchers worldwide for a long time, due to the necessity of more food to support the growing global society, that brought with it environmental and economic problems that highlight issues that weren’t acknowledged prior to their emergence. Solution is necessary, and one of the few possible tools in resolving the inadequacies is innovation. Therefore, the EU introduced RRI (responsible research and innovation) as a pillar of innovation it wishes to lean on post 2020, to support and increase the efficiency of innovation, while dedicating significant funding to agricultural innovation. Our study aims to explore the possibilities of increasing the efficiency of agricultural innovation using integrated marketing communications as a supporting tool. Agricultural innovators were asked to provide input via deep interviews, and a questionnaire was conducted to test the application of the concept of using integrated marketing communications as the method of increasing RRI efficiency for agricultural innovation.

    • Innovative forms for certificating graduates of professional retraining programs: a comparative analysis of the performance

      pg(s) 60-62

      The demand of the industry and employees for training forms and the content of educational programs is being transformed. Upto-date and advanced knowledge is required, as well as flexible skills, and quick ways to master them. The request becomes particularly relevant in the case of professional retraining programs. The traditional format of final certification includes tools that simulate a locally limited situation of activity. In this way, it is difficult to identify the formation of competencies for a wider set of functional tasks. This difficulty can be overcome by introducing a new certification tool – a simulator that simulates the working day of a specialist during which he implements a wide list of functional responsibilities, fixed in the job regulations. The purpose of the article is to evaluate the results of using a professional activity simulator as a means of diagnosing the level of professional readiness. It contains evidence of the feasibility of switching to the use of the simulator for the final certification of HR specialists.

    • Stimulation of innovative activity in modern conditions of development of the Russian economy

      pg(s) 63-64

      The relevance of this article most effectively shows the need to move the modern domestic economy to a new, innovative level. The main problem is that in the scientific literature there is no official confirmation of the effectiveness of innovative methods of stimulation. The methodological framework includes observation, theoretical analysis, and conclusions. The main research methods include: analysis of modern concepts of innovation, comparative analysis of the practice of innovation activity of a number of regional enterprises, and a comparative method. The study gave the following results: it showed that most enterprises were able to form innovative competence through the tools used, which confirms the effectiveness of the proposed method. This is also due to stricter competition conditions, complications in interactions with international partners, etc. This article provides an analysis of the innovation activity of a number of regional campaigns, describes ways to stimulate the innovation activity of subjects, and suggests ways to use tools to stimulate the innovative activity of subjects in the innovative aspect. Therefore, the conclusion of this study expands the knowledge about the possibilities of the innovation process and the potential in the learning process at the enterprise and the possibilities of improving economic phenomena, thereby allowing the domestic economy to move boldly in the right direction

    • Innovations in construction industry for transportation engineering

      pg(s) 65-68

      Innovation in the global economy has been very intense in recent decades. Changing the industry based on digitalization and the introduction of 5G technology brings new challenges and opportunities.
      There is a serious construction industry in the field of transport construction that fully or partially caters to the industry. The transition to a “smart”, digitalized and decentralized industry is yet to come. In the field of railroads, centralization and conservatism are respected. It is preferable to follow world practice, patents and regulations. The theme of EU rail interoperability also gives its specificity, but the development towards the robotic industry is yet to come. Change must first be studied, designed and implemented. The report analyzes the existing situation and formulates conclusions for innovations in the construction industry serving the transport construction industry.

    • Heritage virtualization – innovations in museum narrative

      pg(s) 69-72

      The topic of digitalization of heritage is one of the pressing issues regarding the protection and development of culture. Digitalization is making Europe’s cultural resources an important pillar of the digital economy and improving public access to the various forms of heritage and interaction between heritage and public. Heritage stored into the memory institutions with the advancement of digital technologies and communications, require a new “read”, in expanded historical, geographical, scientific, but already and technological context. In this sense, the research perspective that defines the present study views the world of digitalised cultural artefacts as a technologically mediated way not only of documenting, but also as a new way of telling stories and disseminating cultural knowledge in the form of virtual heritage (VH).

  • INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS

    • Innovative hybrid fiber-reinforced shotcrete for thin repairing concrete overlays

      pg(s) 73-78

      Shotcrete is a technology patented in 1911 by Dr. Carl Akeley – curator at the Field Columbian Museum in, Chicago. The system enables one to place a cement-sand mix or concrete on various surfaces via high pressure and casing by means of special equipment – a shotcrete machine. In fact, this is a method for concrete casting by pressure through a hose and pipe-lines at high velocity into the surface. Two basic methods of shotcrete exist – “dry” and “wet” ones. The report discusses the main technological features of the two methods, analyzing their advantages and disadvantages. Emphasis is placed on the possibilities of rational choice of one of the two varieties of technology depending on multiple factors of complex nature. In a synthesized way are presented their potential for carrying out specialized construction works – repair, reconstruction and strengthening of damaged reinforced concrete constructions, consolidation of rock massifs and slopes, construction of tunnels, swimming pools and other special facilities. The effectiveness of the “wet” method is based to real possibilities to involve in concrete mix design different chemical innovative admixtures – ultra high range water reducing (HRWRA), shrinkage compensating (ShCA), internal crystallization one, etc. Preliminary estimates are presented for their economic expediency under specific conditions.

    • Properties of the biocompatible Ti6Al4V material

      pg(s) 79-84

      The article is focused on the research of the influence of different blasting means on the surface of the titanium alloy Ti6Al4V, which was made by the sintering technology of layered metal powders (DMLS) in terms of microgeometry. The resulting microgeometry values of the titanium alloy placed on the platform in different sectors. Individual sectors had different laser power settings. The blasting was carried out at a constant pressure of 6 bar. Samples were then subjected to roughness measurement by contact method in accordance with STN EN ISO 4287. Individual parameters were subsequently statistically evaluated. A 3D topography of roughness of individual blasted materials was made.

    • Laser marking on plastic surfaces with minimal changes in material structure and maximum contrast

      pg(s) 85-88

      It is possible to do laser marking on plastic surfaces by using lasers. Coding of information is very popular in last years because of its ability to convert information in one symbol. But there are lot of small sized parts where it is hard to do laser marking or physical impact on material is so big, that this code would be readable. On the other side contrast of marked area must be good enough so camera used in experiment would be capable read it. Goal of research is to find laser parameters that would be good enough to do laser marking on plastic surfaces so that physical impact would be made on that surface. There is used two-dimensional code- QR code. Target is to find parameters which would allow to do 3.5mm big square.

    • A review of modeling pem fuel cells for monitoring applications

      pg(s) 89-94

      Low operating temperature, compactness, high efficiency as well as low to zero emissions are features that cause large interest in Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cells and are reasons that application of this technology is considered in many areas. However, for a massive deployment of the PEM fuel cell technology to the market, good control and monitoring are mandatory to increase efficiency and durability. For the control and monitoring of PEM fuel cell systems, appropriate system models are required. In this study, a review of modeling approaches to the PEM fuel cell systems is considered