International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

The research of the technology of obtaining new copper-ferrochrome composite material has been done. The results of its structure and properties analysis are presented. The material structure consists of the copper base, non-dissolved coarse inclusions of ferrochrome, diffused zones, forming around these inclusions and phases, having formed in the place of completely dissolved inclusions of ferrochrome fine particles. The material has good mechanical properties and a high wear resistance due to the formed solid solutions of the carbides in the copper.

Experimental results for the quality of electron beam melting and refining of pyro-refined copper samples are analysed by an empirical model estimation approach. Investigation of the influence of the process parameters – melting power and time of refining on the removal efficiency of specific impurities, overall removal efficiency and material losses is performed.

The paper presents a review of the literature relative to the flue gas desulfurization methods for sulphuric acid (H2SO4) manufacturing. The covered topics include wet and dry methods. Particular attention has been paid to the desulfurization of the flue gas from the copper smelting industry that can lead to a generation of SOx rich streams resulting in high profitability of H2SO4 production.

In this publication we study the influence of the pressing force on the strength characteristics of sintered materials based on water – dispersed iron powders alloyed with copper. Three brands of iron powders were studied – AHC 100.29, ASC 100.29 and ABC 100.30, to which 2 and 4% electrolytic copper were added. After pressing with a force of 300 ÷ 800 MPa, they were sintered at a temperature of 1150 ° C for 1 h. Experiments were performed to determine three strength characteristics – tensile strength, yield strength, elongation. In determining the mechanical characteristics in order to prevent the influence of porosity, five measurements were made for each type of samples, and in the graphical interpretation of the results the arithmetic mean values were used.

Geopolymer based on iron-silicate fines (fayalite slag) were synthesized in alkaline and acidic media using activation solution
comprised of respectively alkali silicate and phosphoric acid solutions. The raw material consists of fayalite, magnetite and pyroxene which could be a conglomerate in some particles. The alkali activation occurs very slow at room temperature, while acid activation take place very rapid. The acid activated geopolymer binder phase include cracks probably formed by thermal gradient because of the rapid exothermal reaction. The morphology of the alkali activated geopolymers were presented by porous structure.

The work is devoted to the study of evolution of flaws in aluminium alloys of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu, Al-Cu-Mg-Мn alloying systems and to the determination of their connection with structural factors of the material such as the size and composition of intermetallic phases conditioned by heat treatment tempers, and also to the study of the effect of big number of physical factors on the long-term behaviour of structural elements of aluminium alloys, and to the determination of the rate of formation of corrosion damages in structural elements of the aircraft wing

Grain boundary wetting process takes place during the contact of solid metal phase with the metal melt. The liquid bismuth network formation along grain boundaries (GB) connected with wetting process was investigated in copper polycrystalline samples. The endothermic thermal effect in the temperature range close to complete GBs wetting transition temperature for Cu-Bi system was observed. Thermal effect size of GB wetting per mol of copper passed into bismuth melt during process of forming wetting GB channels was characterized as 21-23 kJ/mol.

Abstract: It was dedicated to solution of scientific and technical problem to increase the level of physical and mechanical and operational properties of the surface of steels by forming strengthened layers diffusion boriding and complex saturation boron and copper in a magnetic field.

Nowadays are very actual problems of working out waste of non-ferrous metallurgy such as converter slags of the copper enterprise. One of the new direction of additional extraction of copper from slags of converter section is combine method including mechanochemical activation and concentration by flotation of nanostructured initial material. The first stage – is receiving thin crumbled material with high degree of dispersion. This permit furnish an explanation of noticeable changing of properties of high dispersion materials: appearance of activity centers on the surface of minerals because there are alterations and become activity of electronics structures of surfaces layers as consequence of modification of surface. Moreover, take places processes of opening of capsules, including captured particles of some components (metals, minerals from slag, such as copper sulphides etc.). As far as, converting is going with high speeds it’s possible mechanical capturing of initial particles which didn’t participate in interaction during of process converting, minerals may be screened by slag melt. Under the condition of the slowly cooling predominated kinetic mechanism of geterogenic interaction in the silicacontainig system. On the basis of investigations was worked out the technological regulations and fulfilled the industrial probation.

In this paper we study the structure, phase composition, microhardness, wear resistance boride coatings obtained on metals and alloys at complex saturation with boron and copper in various physical and chemical conditions, namely carrying satiation without application of an external magnetic field (EMF) and in its simultaneous imposition . Studies have shown that the use of EMF when applying boride coatings allows in 1.5 – 2 times reduce the duration of saturation detail and get coatings with high hardness and wear resistance.

Established that the application EMF on carbon steels formed a continuous, homogeneous boride layer, thickness is 2 times higher than the boriding without EMF. On the diffraction patterns of the surface layers of boride coatings obtained after boriding at application EMF fixed presence phases FeB and Fe₂B, the redistribution of the proportion of boride phases, the change of the crystal lattices and the decrease in the volume of the unit lattice phase FeB. When the complex is saturated steel 45 with boron and copper diffusion layer is composed of the phases FeB, Fe₂B and Cu. Chemical heat treatment with the simultaneous action of EMF leads to the formation of phases in the diffusion zone FeB and Cu, crack resistance layers obtained after saturation with boron and copper increases to 2.23 MPa · m^0,5 compared to 1.12 MPa · m^0,5 for boride coatings obtained without action EMF .

Formation diffuse boride layers under the action EMF improves tribological characteristics and leads to an increase in wear resistance of 2.2 – 2.6 times.

Investigated the wear resistance of coatings obtained by saturation with boron and copper under dry friction – sliding on the air, and found that the coatings obtained by saturation with boron and copper have 2 times better wear resistance than the coating after boriding. Found that the saturation of boron and copper complex provides optimal performance when wear boride phases, namely sufficient microhardness – 15.5 MPa, 0,5 0,5 low porosity, increase in viscosity layer, the value K reaches 2.1 MPa · m to compared with 1.2 MPa · m 1C without complex saturation and increasing stress chipping values to 290 MPa compared to 170 MPa for the boride layers.

The liquid bismuth network formation along grain boundaries (GB) and triple junctions (TJ) was investigated in copper polycrystalline samples. The experimental observation in situ technique of Bi penetration through the Cu plate was used. The temperature dependence of the penetration rate of the melt through the wafers of polycrystalline copper and the effective activation energy of penetration of Bi along the GBs are found.