International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

Since 1960, an economic policy of specialization in machine-building production began in Bulgaria, thanks to which a number of new types of production were developed in our country, which subsequently acquired a key importance for the further development of the industry. As a result of the implementation of this policy for twenty years, qualitative changes have occurred in the Bulgarian economy: intensification of production, orientation towards productions providing higher added value, inclusion in the international division of labor, constant growth of social productivity, raising the general technological level of industry, multiple increase in the class of technical intelligence, etc. Thanks to the implemented policy of specialization in machine-building production, Bulgaria overcomes the general economic backwardness of other countries.

The purpose of the study was to analyse and evaluate waste logistics in a large-scale agricultural enterprise in terms of a closedloop economy. A closed-loop economy was characterised and its significance for the enterprise was defined. The size and structure of the input production means, and their output were established. Based on yardsticks and indicators the degree of implementation of the closedloop economy into the enterprise was estimated and solutions improving the current situation were suggested. It was found out that in the analysed enterprise it is carried out at a high level which is proved by a high indicator of waste management in the closed loop at the level of 95%.

Еlectronics is the most progressive branch of mechanical engineering since the 1960s. Specific for the development of this industry in our country is that each technological development or the creation of material conditions for its implementation in the period from 1960 by the end of the socialist period, it had received support at the highest state level, in the form of continuous promotion, smooth financing, the provision of embargoed high-deficit technologies by special services and the wide opening of the economy to integration into production. Significant for the development of the industry in our country is the specialization in the production of electronic computers, which was won in a competitive competition between all member countries of the COMECON on the basis of previously achieved in Bulgaria high scientific results in the field.

The paper overviews the possible methodological and practical approaches which can be used to create a custom-made toolset for the complex spatial modelling and forecasting of the socio-economic processes of Hungary for the 21th century. The author already participated in projects concerning land cover change and demographic modelling and gathered valuable experience in creating isolated models. In his three-year post-doctoral research programme, the author plans to take a more holistic approach with combining the elements of demography, economy and land use to create an integrated model with feedbacks between the consisting parts. The proposed methodology relies heavily on a scenario-based approach, creating a range of different forecasts from the business-as-usual ones to the highly improbable ones to explore the outer edges of future possibilities. Both local and global future assumptions will be considered during the formulation of the scenarios. An additional goal is to make the prepared modelling tool publicly available.

The urgency of the issue under consideration is stipulated by large-scale international research and is confirmed by the Russian Federation Government Decree No. 1-P of 08.01.2009 “Main Directions of State Policy in the Sphere of Energy Efficiency Improvement on the Basis of Using Renewable Energy Sources for the Period to 2020” and the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation from July 7, 2011 № 899 on priority directions of development of science, technology and technics in the Russian Federation.
According to the analytical agency “AUTOSTAT”, as of 2017 there are 3.7. million of trucks in the Russian Federation, of which the ecological standards “Euro-4” (and above) correspond only 14%, and annually are used more than 20 million tons for freight transport, which in the amount of processing oil to diesel gas oil is more than 70 million tons of diesel gas oil . From the above, it can be concluded that in order to solve the fuel issue and preserve the environment, it is necessary to study the performance of the diesel engine using diesel composite fuel and transfer of transport to alternative fuels.
As a raw material for the production of alternative fuels is attractive biomass, such as oilseeds and waste from processing plants.
As a result of the growing demand for ricinic oil by industry, it is necessary to study its application as a component for the production of diesel composite fuel.
However, the viscosity of ricinic oil is higher than that of diesel gas oil, so it can only be used as an additive to low-viscosity components. As a result of the addition of diesel fuel and bioethanol to ricinic oil, with preliminary preparation, decreases viscosity and are improved low-temperature properties. This mixture can be suitable for use on transport-technological machines, the point of view of qualitative spraying in areas with a moderate climate.
Based on the thermal calculation of the engine by the methods of Prokopenko R.M., Khorosh A.I., Bashirova R.M., are determined the parameters of the working cycle of the engine D-240 and are presented below the dependences on the concentrations of the components.
The article compares the obtained results with the indicators of traditional diesel gas oil.

The relevance of the matter is confirmed by numerous researches of the alternate engine fuel, in particular, from the renewable sources of raw materials (biomass) studied in various regions of the Russian Federation and abroad. For obtaining diesel composite fuel as raw materials are attractive oil crops which are not used in the food industry, for example, carthamus, false flax, colza, winter cress, crambe and castor-oil plant.
At the moment the need for the ricinic oil used in military, chemical, machine-building, radio-electronic, printing, paint and varnish, medical, cosmetic and other industries in the Russian Federation grows. As a result of processing of a castor-oil plant fruits by cold press in residual meal or pod there are about 10% of oil which is possible for allocating by processing of meal on technology of extraction with receiving technical ricinic oil with a possibility of application as raw materials for receiving paint and varnish, lubricants and diesel composite fuel.
However viscosity of ricinic oil is 10 times more, than at diesel gas oil therefore it is necessary to apply in mix with low-viscosity components. As additive to ricinic oil can be used mineral oil fuel and bioethanol due to which mixture viscosity considerably decreases, cloud point and crystallizations temperature decreases. [8]
As diesel composite fuel is investigated mixture of ricinic oil (RicO), and summer diesel gas oil according to National State Standard 305-2013. On the basis of the carried-out calculation are defined indexes of a working cycle, dependences on concentration of components of blenderized fuel are shown.
On the basis of the calculation, are determined the working cycle indexes, are shown the dependences on the concentration of the components of the composite fuel. Based on the results of the calculation, the obtained indicators were compared with diesel gas oil.

European environmental policy faces major challenges arising from the interaction between public production and nature.The challenge for us, today’s people, is to create material goods without disturbing eco-equilibrium. The main reasons for the emergence of environmental policy is conditioned by objective factors, the most important of which are: climate change, resource depletion in the face of rising global energy needs, price level dynamics, problems and environmental damage from the development of the classical technologies. One of the possible solutions to this problem is the application of new sources of energy, such as renewable energy sources.

We are witnessing the rapid growth of the energy prices and there are expectations that they will continue to grow in the future. Consequently, there is a constant need of energy efficiency improvements that could be achieved by decreasing of energy losses, smart and efficient energy utilization and conservation of energy resources.

The water supply systems are large energy consumers. So, the investments in the increasing of their energy efficiency will not only have an economic dimension, but also they could have large positive effect on the environment protection. In this paper, an analysis of the degree of efficient usage of the energy and the appropriate techno-economic analysis of the energy consumption for a real water supply system is presented. Few methods for increasing the energy efficiency of water supply pump stations and an analysis of the potential benefits of this method are proposed and discussed too.

In this article we consider the need to work with all knowledge. For Industry 4.0, in particular for micro-companies (family) is compulsory transfer of the knowledge to them. This revolutionary change will free many works places. Create new jobs for mathematicians and physicists Mathematical Physics i.e. digitalization of business by “smart factories” and we introduced these ideas to micro-foundry.