Industry 4.0
Vol. 6 (2021), Issue 3

Table of Contents

  • TECHNOLOGICAL BASIS OF “INDUSTRY 4.0”

    • Applicability of different modeling approaches to process quality management, according to the human-machine system

      pg(s) 83-86

      Quality is a process of continuous improvement or improvement of the processes creating the product. Our ability to manage quality characteristics has a significant impact on the depth of our knowledge of the process used for the desired transformation. The application of knowledge in process management depends on the dominant factor for management: human or machine. Each requires an appropriate form of transfer of knowledge. Depending on the type of “human-machine system”, it is possible to use various mathematical and logical tools to formalize the information. This article attempts to classify the types of mathematical and logical tools applicable to process management, depending on the “human-machine system” use.

    • Quality evaluation of welded joints of various steel welded by GMAW technology

      pg(s) 87-92

      The paper presents the results of quality evaluation of weldments produced by a mutual combination of different steel grades. Weld joints were made using GMAW technology (method -135 ISO 4063). The type of welding parameters used for the quality of welded joints was monitored. The quality of welded joints was assessed using non-destructive tests. In non-destructive tests, the Visual test according to EN ISO 17637, the Penetration test with colour indication according to EN ISO 22476-12 was used to identify surface defects. The presence of internal errors was assessed by a radiation test according to EN ISO 17636-1. Within the destructive tests, the quality of the welds was assessed by a tensile test according to EN ISO 6892-1, by the test of brittleness of welds according to EN ISO 5173, the course of hardness according to EN ISO 6507-1 was determined on transverse cuts. The bending impact test according to EN ISO 9016 will determine the toughness of the weld metal and heat-affected areas. Metallographic analysis of welds according to EN ISO 17639 was performed on transverse metallographic sections using light microscopy. Based on the performed experiments, recommendations were set, or proposed changes in the welding procedures of the given steel grades.

  • DOMINANT TECHNOLOGIES IN “INDUSTRY 4.0”

    • Thermal imaging as an essential inspection procedure for identification of energy efficiency problematics in albanian existing public buildings

      pg(s) 93-95

      The Energy Efficiency Directive (2012/27/EU) established a set of binding measures to help the EU achieve its 20% energy efficiency target by the year 2020. New directive is called Energy Efficiency Directive (EED). According to INSTAT (Institute of Statistics) the share of non-residential building sector in Albania is approximately 20.6 %. Public buildings with all the sub-categories have a significant contribution on energy demand in buildings. Therefore, according to the new law No.116/2016 “For energy performance in buildings” since 2018 public buildings with area higher than 250m2 are subject of this law for certification of energy performance in buildings. Regarding the National Energy Strategy 2018-2030 Albania’s target is set to 15 % for energy savings in the sector. This article deals with identification of energy efficiency problems in the public building sector in Albania. Typology of the buildings mainly constructed before the 1990 has poor energy efficiency measures, due to the lack of the investments. Thermal imaging was identified as an necessary procedure for scanning of the building. Energy consumption and building characteristics through thermal imaging have been investigated with the aim to improve the energy performance of the public buildings. This will contribute to optimize the energy efficiency measures by
      energy audits.

    • MEMS based IMU adaptive 3D calibration

      pg(s) 96-99

      Intensive development of different sensors based on microelectromechanical system (MEMS) technology has led to them being used in various fields that require simple and frequent measurements. One such application is inertial navigation systems (INS). Due to their low cost, small size and weight MEMS sensors can be used as a basis for inertial measurement unit (IMU) because they move tog ether with the object they are attached to, thus reflecting the objects motion. MEMS sensors used for tracking the objects motion usually comprise of a 3-axial accelerometer and a 3-axial gyroscope. Although constantly improving, MEMS technology can not be directly used in INS due to different sensor inaccuracies such as zero-level bias, various nonlinearities, inaccurate sensitivity and misalignment of the sensor sensitivity axes. These inaccuracies introduce system error into the INS which needs to be compensated by means of various calibration methods. In this paper, we present a time efficient and adaptive 3D calibration method based on simultaneous motion of all axes on a 3-axes precision turntable. The calibration procedure for accelerometers as well as gyroscopes will be explained in detail. Finally, the resul ts of the calibration will be discussed and conclusions drawn.

    • Evaluating the WER for different Extraction Methods

      pg(s) 100-101

      In this paper we will discuss an important topic such as the WER (word error rate). Imagine if we use an ASR system in a real event for approximately one hour or more. We would have a lot of issues like: the quality of the transcription of words, the time of the processing of the words spoken. And so a lot of WER will be produced by this event. The high rate of ASR errors have demanded the necessity to find better techniques in order to correct such errors. The improvement of the system it is a necessity not only to have a better stability of the system but also to prevent the high costs in order to use our resources in the best way as possible.

  • BUSINESS & “INDUSTRY 4.0”

    • Direct digital manufacturing – the role of cost accounting for online hubs to access industry 4.0

      pg(s) 102-105

      Additive manufacturing is an established production method to realize Direct Digital Manufacturing in Industry 4.0. Especially for metal components, production requires high investment sums and high levels of know-how in the organisation. To make the advantages of the technology accessible even without high initial investment costs, co-called online hubs became an external and decentralised alternative to additive in-house production. After uploading the geometry to the online portals, material and post processing can be selected. The hub gives the customer a direct pricing response which is one of the main economic indicators for a purchase decision. The present paper focuses on the influence of the order quantity and the complexity of the components on the price algorithm. Therefore, sample parts of varying complexity and sizes are developed and uploaded to analyse data. Based on the in-depth findings of the study, the results are discussed.

    • Using Industry 4.0 concept in Slovak chemical industry

      pg(s) 106-109

      Industry 4.0 has brought about the interconnection of the physical, cyber and socio-economic worlds. Bringing these three worlds together creates a revolutionary approach that is a new trend not only in industry but also in other areas of the economy, thus pushing the economy and business forward. The concept of Industry 4.0 represents the interconnection of digitalisation and automatisation with the use of smart technologies. The main benefit of Industry 4.0 is to produce tailor-made products where lower costs and shorter production efforts are the main values that will attract new customers and thus the profitability of industrial manufacturers will be significan tly affected. Implementing Industry 4.0 in an enterprise will enable efficient use of human and natural resources and raw materials. It will also partially reduce the demands on the environment and create better living conditions for future generations. The intention of the paper was to explain how the Industry 4.0 concept is changing the direction of the Slovak chemical industry. The main objective of the paper was to explicate the Fourth Industrial Revolution in the form of the Industry 4.0 concept in 44 companies operating in the chemical industry in Slovakia on the basis of a knowledge base and a questionnaire survey

    • Wind power perspective in Albania under CO2 credit rate initative. Case study: Qafë-Thanë, Pogradec

      pg(s) 110-113

      Renewable energy sources (RES) will continue to play a key role in the process of deep decarbonisation of the energy sector especially in the power branch. Effects of environmental, economic, social, political and technical factors condition the rapid deployment of various sources of renewable energy-based power generation. In this case study the optional GHG reduction credit per equivalent tonne of CO2 (tCO2) used in conjunction with the net GHG reduction to calculate the annual GHG reduction revenue of a 27MW wind farm located in Qafë-Thanë, Pogradec-Albania is analysed. As the future availability of renewable energy resources is not affected by their use, wind power can address many questions related to sustainability and flexibility of the existing fuel powered technologies. Hence, cutting carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in Albania should be fully in line with the Paris Agreement including power sector especially. The proposed action aims at developing a high-level promotion and market penetration strategy for RES, contributing to the mitigation of GHG in EU as well as in the candidate countries including Albania. Furthermore, special support should be given to candidate countries in creating policies and programmes to facilitate and promote RES technologies.

  • SOCIETY & ”INDUSTRY 4.0”

    • Elements of the digital economy in the world and Ukraine

      pg(s) 114-118

      The theory of information (post-industrial) society, revealing the main provisions of economy and society. The process of globalization is accompanied by the avalanche spreading information flows the phenomenon of information picture of the world as a scientific and methodological means of study of information reality reflects an important aspect of social life. Internet is a universal communication space, in which very different interests and values coexist. The purpose is a scientific and practical study of the problem of forming the digital economy. The structure of the section includes consideration of the following issues: formation of a virtual segment of the information market; the development of information and communication technologies; introduction of elements of the digital economy in Ukraine and the world; innovative business development and the startup ecosystem. During the study, various scientific methods were used, in particular: monographic, comparative, analytical, graphical, forecasting.

    • Human resource in social reproduction

      pg(s) 119-121

      Preliminary results of the scientific research into the interaction between human self-awareness and existing socio-economic relations in the face of scare resources, which can be used in various ways, are presented. An attempt has been made to present the process of institutional transformations in society as a result of the interaction between mind (individual, collective) and existing socio-economic relations.

    • A comparative study of space heating scenarios of korca city regarding to energy and cost analysis

      pg(s) 122-125

      The city of Korça is situated in the South-East part of Albania. Korça’s climate is partly Mediterranean and Continental, characterized by cold winter and relatively hot summer. The average annual temperature is 10.6 oC, while the average rainfall is 720 mm. Heating of Korça is not an unknown issue, although it still remains unsolved despite many efforts in this sector. This paper shortly describes the building typology and their thermal characteristics in Korça. After defining the heating demand of the Korça city, where as input in the model are used demographic data, climate data, building typology and heating system. Energy scenarios for heating of the city rely on a
      baseline scenario where wood is used as an energy source. Heat pump and natural gas energy scenario have been used for this comparative study. Energy and cost analysis for three scenarios are discussed in this paper.