International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

Adjara, with its diverse natural conditions, relief and soil and climatic features, is one of the distinctive regions of Georgia, dominated by mountainous terrain, steep slopes and small areas. Accordingly, the complex mechanization of agricultural processes by mobile agricultural machinery is inappropriate and therefore small-sized agricultural machinery is used. This technique works in difficult soil-climatic and dynamic conditions, it is constantly affected by significant dynamic forces, high humidity, abrasive particles in the environment, mountainous terrain and others. All these factors cause intensive wear and decrease in the reliability of the working bodies of machines. It should be noted that single and complex indicators of the operational reliability of small-scale mechanization equipment operating in the mountainous conditions of Adjara have not been studied and their establishment will contribute to the rational organization of technical service of small-scale mechanization machines.
The reliability indicators of motoblocks and motor cultivators, such as the probability of failure-free operation, time between failures, the failure rate parameter, the average resource, the coefficients of technical use and readiness, are considered, adequate probabilisticstatistical mathematical models are obtained, the least reliable nodes, types of failures are identified, and a set of measures is outlined to improve reliability

The article examines the single and complex indicators of the operational reliability of agricultural machinery (tractors and combines) operating in the special soil-climatic and dynamic conditions of Georgia, highlights the least reliable units and parts that require constructive improvement.
As a result of research, according to the methodology of probabilistic and statistical modeling developed by us, integral and differential distribution functions of reliability indicators were obtained, their general characteristics were determined, as well as mathematical models and the values of reliability indicators were determined taking into account the distribution law. The adequacy of the probabilistic-statistical models was tested using the Pearson and Kolmogorov goodness-of-fit tests.
As a result of theoretical and experimental studies, characteristic malfunctions and failures of the main units of foreign ag ricultural equipment operating in Georgia have been established, and constructive and technological measures to improve reliability have been developed.

Main directions and trends of mechanism and machine mechanics developing in Belarus are considered. Results of investigations fulfilled in the Joint Institute of Mechanical Engineering and V.A. Bely Metal Polymer Research Institute of NASB, Belarusian National Technical and Belarusian-Russian Universities, as well as in Belarusian State Transport University and other Belarusian research centers are presented. Generally, these investigations are forwarded for modernization of drives of various machines and mechanisms, including mobile machines, instrument mechanisms and estimation of their operation characteristics in the frame of “Industry 4.0” conception. The paper is divided into two parts. The first part focuses on gears and powertrains. Parts of the paper contain sources of information and main publications of Belarusian scientists. Thus, the paper as a whole bears informational and bibliographic character

Transport infrastructure brings together conventional groundwork and innovative technologies in order to improve various aspects of transport system management and control. It enables anticipatory maintenance, planning and scheduling, resource management and aims to improve reliability and safety, increased capacity and asset utilization, better energy efficiency and lower emissions, higher customer service levels and increased economic feasibility. Transport infrastructures have long service life and great costs of building, manning, operating and maintaining throughout their life. Innovation and technology shifts proved to be important factors determining great changes in infrastructure potential and even determine its obsolescence. It is regarded as a concern throughout infrastructure’s entire life cycle and reflects changes in expectation regarding performances in functioning, safety and environmental effects.
Performance and failure are illustrated conceptually and represented in a simplified form considering the evolution of technology, the influence of innovation breeding new generation rail infrastructure, all the way through infrastructure’s service life.
According to the identified particularities, recommendations are to be made in order to insure a best practice in lifecycle management and transport infrastructure renewal in the context of improved reliability, safety and efficiency.

This research work presents the results of the monitoring on a robotic cell operation for welding the bogie frame on a freight wagon for two months. The structure of the robotic welding cell is revealed and a register of the occurred failures was formed. A statistical processing of the received information has been made and an analytical expression about the trouble-free operation has been determined. Recommendations for increasing trouble-free operation are suggested.

The article explored the operational reliability of agricultural machinery of low mechanization operating in the mountain conditions of Ajara, carried out the classification of machine parts on the basis of their structural and technological homogeneity and specific working conditions, highlighted the least reliable components and parts, developed a theoretical basis for calculating the reliability in contrast to mobile machines , the corresponding structural and logical schemes were drawn up.
As a result of statistical studies, integral and differential distribution functions of reliability indicators have been obtained, their general characteristics have been determined and the values of single and complex reliability indicators have been determined, resource-saving technology has been developed to increase the reliability and resource of mini-technology. technology for the region of Adjara, as well as its parameters and rational about service-organization of the pilot plant.

Based on the status of the maritime country of Georgia, we studied the increasing risks of the pollution by the ballast water and wastewater volume increase in the sea caused by the volume of freight turnover of Poti and Kulevi sea ports. For this, we conducted research in two directions: on the sensitive areas of Kulevi and Poti pipeline terminals and ships in the port. We first examined ecological parameters: namely water relative temperature, water acidity (pH) and salinity (TDS) quantitative indicators as in the stationary, also in non-stationary conditions. The results of the laboratory survey of water samples indicate that the relative temperature (t1 / t2) of Poti (t1 / t2) 0,87 acidity (pH) 8.34, salinity (TDS) 15,60 Relative temperature of turbocharging (t1 / t2) 0,87, acidity (pH) 8.37, salinity (TDS) 15,12
Secondly, on the ships entered in the ports, we took as ballast and wastewater samples and analyzed in accordance with the legislation:
1. Ballast water analysis from tanker “Metin K” from Kulevi, shows that increased nitrogen +6 mg / l, oilseeds +0.7 mg / l, nitrates 1,3 mg / l and nitrites- 0,35 mg / l
2. Poti Port – N 5 Ventilation Examples of Weight Watchers Examples of Weighted Particles 4.0 mg / l, Ammonium 1,67 mg / l of ballast water analysis shows that the total amount of oil nitrogen is 0.6 mg / l, + 0.7 mg / L, nitrates 1,3 mg / ld nitrites – 0,35 mg / l.
As a result of these two studies, based on reliability and risk theory of Kulevi, the mean value of salinity (TDS) is equal to: 10,85, for Poti port, the mean value of salinity (TDS) is equal to 12,34.
In the theoretical and laboratory studies we have identified the risks of contamination of ports and waste water pollution.

This report analyzes the reliability of DC brushless electric motors up to 200W. Reliability is calculated in accordance with the MIL-HDBK-217F Notice2 standard and NSWC-10 standard.

Industry 4.0 brings new challenges for the quantitative methods for the evaluation of system dependability properties such as reliability and safety. In this paper, we recall relevant Industry 4.0 and dependability concepts and provide an overview of available reliability and safety metrics and evaluation methods including event trees, fault trees, reliability block diagrams, and more sophisticated dynamic methods based on Markov chain models. The special focus is on the model-based application of these methods. The paper discusses several common MBSE paradigms, such as UML/SysML, AADL, and Simulink, that can be employed in the context of Industry 4.0 and allow automated generation of the dependability evaluation models. Finally, we discuss how the Industry 4.0 increases system complexity, justify what kind of dependability evaluation methods are required, and what limitations we still need to overcome.

Maintaining of the combine harvesters in an efficient condition throughout the harvest season is an important task of technical service. The most important elements in the work of combine harvesters are their steering mechanisms, the performance of which must have a high degree of availability, especially of their hydraulic drives. The purpose of this study is to increase the operational reliability of the steering drives of the combine harvesters, based on the development of an improved method for diagnosing of their hydraulic drives. During the research, the methods of theoretical and experimental research were used, based on the theory of machine operation, hydraulics, as well as modern methods of experimental studies of hydraulic equipment. The data of the experimental studies were processed by statistical methods using a PC. Theoretically and experimentally, an improved method for diagnosing of the hydraulic drives has been developed with the aim to increase the technical readiness of combine harvesters and reduce the costs of their maintenance and repair. A new methodical approach and results of studies on the creation of a diagnostic system for the hydraulic drive of the combine harvester’s power steering have been developed.

The basic features of calculating the reliability of agricultural machinery are shown, in contrast to industries such as mechanical engineering, radio and television equipment, automation systems and etc., in which machines and apparatus operate in steady modes, while agricultural machines do in difficult soil and climatic and dynamic conditions.

Еconomic aspect of reliability is substantiated and patterns of change in the efficiency of use of agricultural machinery in time are established, the economic parameters of reliability are determined. With the help of the theory of similarity and dimensions as well as the planning of multifactor experiments, through the original installation manufactured by us, the basic physical and mechanical properties of metal coatings are studied, obtained by welding under flux, there are relevant similarity criteria determined that characterize the process of restoration of worn parts and, after processing of experimental data an analytical view of criterion equation is formed and rational modes of the restoration of parts under submerged arc welding are set. Further, to optimize the process, the scheduling theory of extreme experiments has been used and as factors in the regression equation there have been chosen most significant similarity criteria. In methodics elaborated by us, it was obtained an adequate equation and by a method of steep ascent (movement along the gradient), there were determined optimal modes of recovery for metal coatings with high physical and mechanical properties (hardness, wear resistance).

Under these regimes there were recovered worn ploughshares and their operational check showed an increase of resource as many as 1.4…1.5 times. For surfacing worn parts with complex configurations (ploughshare plows, cultivators paws), we have manufactured a special copier allowing to recover the items automatically, in a continuous mode. The feasibility study of the developed resource-saving innovative technology has shown that the restoration of 800 ploughshares provides an yearly economic effect of EURO 1,462.

Characteristics of operational reliability of agricultural plows, operating in mountainous conditions were determined on the basis of theoretical and experimental studies. It is shown that these conditions adversely affect their workability, cause intense wear of working parts of plows, and lead to failures. For this purpose, special coefficient was introduced which takes into account the impact of mountainous conditions on reliability.

A structural-logical scheme for reliability calculations was determined, and at the level of invention, a fundamentally new plow with variable widths was developed, allowing a better use of its operation in the mountainous conditions.