International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

This study presents the effect of carbonation on 1020 carbonate, low fatigue. The carbonation of the samples was carried out at a temperature of 900 ° C and at a variable time of 5-9 hours. After the process of carbonization, the process was carried out with a temperature of 500 ° C and 30 minutes. The hardness of the sample was tested before the Chemical heat treatment was 206.5 HB and the hardness of the carbonated samples at 900 ° C and at 5 hours was 209.3HB and the hardness of the carbonated samples at 900 ° C and for 6 hours was 209.5 HB. The carbonated sample salad was 900 ° C and 9 hours 211.4 HB. The boxes were heated at (850-900) ºC in an electric furnace for different durations or times. Fatigue was tested for samples before and after carbonation carburizing contributed to the improvement in fatigue strength in different proportions. The degree of improvement depended on the depth (thickness) of the hardened layer and on the microstructure of a carburized steel.

One of the effective ways to control the properties of copper is to refine its structure to a nano- or ultrafine-grained level, and primarily with the help of severe plastic deformation. At the same time, radial-shear rolling is one of the promising methods for obtaining long-length rods with a gradient ultra-fine-grained structure. It is known from a number of scientific works that one of the main factors influencing the possibility of obtaining an ultrafine-grained structure in various ferrous and non-ferrous metals and alloys is the deformation temperature of these metals and alloys. The aim of the work is to study the influence of the deformation temperature at the radial-shear rolling mill on the microstructure evolution of copper. The following deformation temperatures of copper rods were selected for the planned studies: 20°C, 100°C and 200°C. The conducted studies have shown that the implementation of radial-shear rolling at ambient temperature compared with rolling at temperatures of 100°C and 200°C made it possible to achieve more intensive refinement of the initial structure. And first of all, this is due to the fact that with radial-shear rolling of copper, realized at ambient temperature, there are no dynamic return processes.

In the following article are presented the technical characteristics of real living space. A temperature model for this particular space was developed based on various experimental data, such as (external and internal) temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure and energy consumption over seven years – 2016-2022.

One of the effective ways to control the properties of copper is to refine its structure to a nano- or ultrafine-grained level, and primarily with the help of severe plastic deformation. At the same time, radial-shear rolling is one of the promising methods for obtaining long-length rods with a gradient ultra-fine-grained structure. It is known from a number of scientific works that one of the main factors influencing the possibility of obtaining an ultrafine-grained structure in various ferrous and non-ferrous metals and alloys is the deformation temperature of these metals and alloys. The aim of the work is to study the influence of the deformation temperature at the radial-shear rolling mill on the microstructure evolution of copper. The following deformation temperatures of copper rods were selected for the planned studies: 20°C, 100°C and 200°C. The conducted studies have shown that the implementation of radial-shear rolling at ambient temperature compared with rolling at temperatures of 100°C and 200°C made it possible to achieve more intensive refinement of the initial structure. And first of all, this is due to the fact that with radial-shear rolling of copper, realized at ambient temperature, there are no dynamic return processes.

The use of clay as a structural material has been known for centuries. The authors set the task of studying the applicability of clay as a constructive material in the production of beehives. The study aims to make a comparative analysis of temperature conditions in different types and identical in construction beehives by comparing the indicator for ceramic and wooden hives. For the purpose were used three 10-frame hives type “Dadan-Blat” – two ceramic (one made entirely of marl clay, and the other – with increased kaolin content, both ceramic tiles are with high cavity) and one wooden (pine). Measurements of the air temperature and the temperature inside the hives were made for one month. From the obtained results it is established that for the studied beehives, the ceramic hive with high kaolin content has the best thermal insulation properties.

Condition monitoring of production equipment is an important task in any industrial production. This article describes the features of laser alignment of worm gearboxes and its effect on the temperature and vibration level of rolling bearings. The necessity of periodic temperature and vibration signal measurements and analysis of bearing’s condition for timely forecasting of equipment condition and planning of repairs, is also justified

The climatic performance of different ecological areas is determinant for agricultural production and its sustainability. The agriculture is closely related to climatic conditions as climate variability and climate change generate significant ef fects on agriculture. Analysis of climatic behavior of different ecological zones, are important to identify climate variations, but also phenomena related to climate change. The study of climate variations and the phenomena of climate change are important for agricultural activity, in order to adapt agricultural systems, implement mitigation strategies and adaptation to them. Organic farming systems offer the best solution in this regard. The nortthern western lowlands of Albania (Shkodra), is an area with significant agricultural activity and highly diversified, with a great potential for the implementation of organic farming systems. The analysis of the climatic variability of this area and the phenomena of climate change, will contribute to the orientation of agricultural activity towards organic systems in order to better adapt them to climatic variations and increase the sustainability of production.

Photovoltaic thermal system (PV-T) converts sunlight into electricity and heat simultaneously. The overall efficiency of these systems is higher than the efficiencies of PV panels and solar collectors together. In Albania energy production from photovoltaic systems has been promoted in the recent years. Albania’s Mediterranean climate conditions are very favourable for investment in renewable energy systems. In this study a stand-alone 280 W PV-T panel is considered with respect to thermal analysis of the system. The panel is installed at the terrace of the building University in Tirana, Albania. The aim of this work is to present the temperature profile of the panel, since there is a correlation between efficiency and temperature. In order to analyse the temperature distribution on the panel surface a series of experiments are carried out. Temperature variation vs. time for different water flow rate was performed. The inlet and outlet water temperature profile is drawn in this article.

The geographical distribution of plants in ecosystems and the limits of agronomic extention of plants cultivated in different areas are conditioned by the performance and climatic variabilities of these areas.The biological and productive behavior of plants in agricultural systems is determined by climate performance in general and in particular by the two main climatic parameters, temperature and precipitation.Their significant fluctuations, conditioned in recent years by climate change, are evident in the form of risky for agriculture such as prolonged droughts, severe shortages of rainfall, high summer temperatures in the form of heat waves, which further brings the effect of agronomic drought. In the thermal minimums, expressed in the form of frosts, there are observed fluctuations changes creating deviations from the average perennial performance of their occurrence. The study of thermal fluctuations, and in particular the study of the phenomenon of drought and its consequences, it is an important problem especially in areas with high agricultural character. Drought occurs when there is a shortage of rainfall for long periods, registering as a pluviometric deficit. Occurrence variations of this phenomenon are related to the rainfall cycle, but they should be considered in relation to potential climate change, especially in the Mediterranean basin where Albania is located. The study of climate variability and the identification of extreme climate phenomenas as well as the determination of thermal and pluviometric limits can be done through climate monitoring indicators. Albania’s western lowland area and particulary the Vlora area, which is under consideration on this study, is an agricultural area with a great diversity of cropping cultivations. Analyzing the climate behavior of this area will enable the design of suitable cultivation technologies as well as taking measures to minimize the damages to crop production from these factors.

This paper describes the process of drying baking soda in a pneumatic dryer. A description of a drying plant with honeycomb elements is provided. Due to the extensive work, only one part of the results of the study is presented, which is related to the material-energy balance, the calculation of the final humidity, the change of the air condition (humidity and temperature) in the bicarbonate drying process. Part of the research results related to the application of I-X – diagram in the drying process of Na HCO3 is presented

In this paper, a computer simulation of a new technology of thick-sheet rolling, including rolling in rolls with a relief surface followed by rolling on rolls with a smooth barrel to the desired size. The analysis of effective plastic deformation, hydrostatic pressure and temperature field was carried out according to the results of modeling. According to the results of the analysis of effective strain, maximum of processing in the first pass receives the ridge area, but after the second pass observed alignment distribution of this parameter over the cross section. The study of the temperature field showed that the greatest temperature difference in the cross section occurs when rolling in relief rolls, in the future when rolling in smooth rolls due to the increase in the contact surface area, this difference decreases. Analysis of hydrostatic pressure showed the presence of both compressive and tensile stresses in the deformation zone. Such distribution is caused by the presence of a relief surface after 1 pass in the further alignment of the strip profile, which occurs both in the longitudinal and transverse directions.

Given are the results of a comparative design analysis of the operating cycle and thermal stressed state of a piston in diesel engine 2F10,5/12 under rated power conditions. To reduce the thermoelastic stresses in the piston, the paper suggests using the modern method of managing the operating cycle – homogeneous mixing and combustion. Such an operating cycle reduces the maximum local temperature in the combustion chamber and the temperature gradients, thereby reducing the thermal load on the piston.