Industry 4.0
Vol. 6 (2021), Issue 6

Table of Contents

  • TECHNOLOGICAL BASIS OF “INDUSTRY 4.0”

    • Cybersecurity of OPC ua based cyber-physical systems

      pg(s) 204-207

      The IEC-62541 (OPC UA) standard is an important part of the Industry 4.0 reference architecture and is recommended as the only possible communication standard. A particularly important issue that is being addressed is the issue of security. Cyber security is one of the most important challenges for achieving the objectives of the Industry 4.0 initiative and of the associated cyber-physical systems (CPS). The paper analyzes the vulnerability of cyber-attacks and the main threats that threaten the security of OPC UA-based CPS and defines proven and sustainable recommendations for increasing the security of these applications.

    • Sequential development of integrated remote-control Smart Home/Office systems

      pg(s) 208-210

      An integrated smart home system for monitoring and management of the elements of the working environment or at home in Home Assistant platform and is integrated with a voice assistant (Google Assistant) has been developed. It allows monitoring and control of various parameters of the environment, determination of geolocation, tracking the state of the connected devices, provides ascertainment of conditions or constraints during the implementation of logical algorithms or actions, etc. The developed integrated system solves the problem of using various interface applications, communication protocols and standards by integration of all its elements in one Application Programming Interface (API) and simultaneously expanding its scope through integration with a voice assistant (Google Assistant). The development of a dataset of interoperable rules integrated in the Smart Home/Office system should be done function by function. This paper is directed toward the sequential development of integrated remote-control Smart Home/Office systems by adding additional functionality to the already developed integrated system.

    • Sterile Manufacturing Quality Control Methods in the Medical Products Industry

      pg(s) 211-214

      Manufacturing of medical products is a very wide market. Many steps must be taken to ensure that produced product is sterile and safe and efficient to use for the customer. All manufacturing system from production floor to the type of sterilization must comply with required standards and regulatory. Every step of introducing new product to the production to routine production itself must be well documented and justified to be able to release the product to the market for human consumption. This paper presents information of production area requirements for medical devices, sterilization methods and sterilization indicators, briefly overlooks the q uality control of such processes and the effectiveness of it.

    • Aequor Tracer: Traffic Analyzer for GPON Networks

      pg(s) 215-217

      For many years, passive optical networks (PONs) have received a considerable amount of attraction regarding their potential for providing broadband connectivity for every user: from the customer’s point of view. However, Internet services providers (ISPs) must rely on producers of technologies to secure data. This article proposes additional opportunities to ensure data protection. PONs use their encapsulation method in optical domain transmissions. That is why it is necessary to solve security questions before optical line termination (OLT). When data are forwarded from the optical to the electrical domain, it is possible to evaluate time with dedicated hardware for optical networks. Own developed system can provide the following features: location of Internet protocol (IP) address, anomaly detection in traffic, ransomware detection based on similar behavior during data transmission, testing of defined address, usage of maps with defin ed IP ranges, providing all information on independent hardware via web page.

  • DOMINANT TECHNOLOGIES IN “INDUSTRY 4.0”

    • Capability of micro-milling in machining of difficult-to-cut materials

      pg(s) 218-221

      The trend of using micro-parts in modern industry puts new tasks for contemporary production technologies. If these parts are made of difficult-to-machine materials, machining problems become more complicated. On the other hand, the requirements go towards manageable and stable production processes, reduction of the processes number, reduction of the machining cost, using of clean technologies, etc. Use of mechanical solid tools in engineering materials micro-machining, many problems occur, such as: high machined surface roughness of the, tool deflection, intensive tool wear, etc. These problems lead to difficulties in establishing adequate process models, and thus the ability to control of micro-milling process and it’s including in smart processes and smart factory concepts. This paper presents the possibilities of using micro-milling in the difficult-to-process materials machining. The phenomena in micro-cutting are analysed, as well as the output machinability indicators (surface roughness, tool wear, etc.). As a conclusion, guidelines and technological frameworks for the application of micro-milling in practice are given.

    • Technology for production of technical products with fixed thickness and made of quartz ceramics by means of a moulding matrix with a silicone insert

      pg(s) 222-224

      Molding of technical products with fixed thickness by casting quartz ceramics, based on pure quartz glass, requires specific technological regulations both in the preparation of the ceramic mass and in the process of molding itself. Due to the specif ic characteristics of the colloidal system such as low shrinkage and viscosity, casting in molds made only of gypsum is practically unworkable. A solution lies in developing a technology in which the dismantling of the die is supported so that the molded product can be easily removed. Proposed here is a gypsum mold developed in such a way that a silicone insert is mounted where the lower part of the cast product will be. The technological process presented here in detail includes the main stages of preparing a model according to pre-set parameters, making a gypsum mold consisting of two-parts and with a silicone insert, casting and high-temperature synthesis of the finished product made of quartz ceramics. The development is suitable for complex and large-size technical products made not only of quartz ceramics, but also of other silicate colloidal systems characterized by low and almost zero air shrinkage.

    • Experimental analysis of creep behaviour of solder alloys at near eutectic point by using indentation test

      pg(s) 225-228

      Eutectic solder alloys are widely used in the microelectronics industry. The phenomenon of creep and its mechanisms are important aspects that influence the performance of solder alloys. During the last two decades, a Pb – solder alloys is fast becoming a reality in lead free electronic products due to harmful caused as toxic material to environment and health, international legislative pressure and marketing. The replacement of Sn – Pb alloys with Sn-Ag-Cu (SAC) alloys needs reliable results for assuring the usage of this solder joints material in electronic industry. In this paper has been studied the creep behaviour of a group of alloy in the system Sn-Ag-Cu (SAC) near the eutectic point. In this research work we have used three different alloy samples which are 95, 5Sn-3, 8Ag-0,7Cu, 96, 5Sn-3, 0Ag-0,5Cu and 95, 46Sn-3, 58Ag-0,96Cu. Indentation technique has been conducted to study the creep behaviour of these three SAC alloys by determining the creep parameters at different temperatures. The temperature used was at room temperature 30oC until 100oC and the stress used was 64MPa-178MPa for the indentation diameter 1 mm and 0.5 mm. The experimental method and results of the creep parameters like activation enthalpy Q, the stress exponent n of the power law model and the parameter of the material A were briefly described in this paper. From the creep curves, constructed for alloys and considered loads, the values of creep stress exponent n were determined for the stud ied alloys.

  • BUSINESS & “INDUSTRY 4.0”

    • World technology market: features and current trends

      pg(s) 232-235

      The definition of the world technology market is given and its features are characterized. The structure of the world technology market formed by institutional elements is considered. The following segments of the world technology market have been studied: the market of patents and licenses, the market of scientific and technological products, the market of scientific and technological specialists, the market of high-tech capital. According to Ukraine’s ratings in the world technology market (2018-2019), the reasons for its lag in it are named. The tendencies of the world market of technologies are substantiated.

    • Tax challenges of home office regime following the COVID-19 pandemic

      pg(s) 236-239

      Covid-19 pandemic has made it necessary to move work from employers’ workplaces to home offices. The employee works from home using digital technologies. However, the Home Office scheme is accompanied by significant employee costs, covered by private employees’ funds. Among them for example cost of electricity, water, sewers, the cost of suitable workplace equipment and its amortization, costs of quite free space, cost to cover speedy internet. On the other hand, the employers receive work from the employees, b ut the cost of the working environment and resources they save significantly. The Home Office regime will remain in place after the pandemic, so it is time to consider a financial solution to the cost of home office staff – for example, in the form of tax instruments.