International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

The idea of creating and using digital twins has been strongly influenced by the process of integrating artificial intelligence methods with big data analytics of data from Internet of Things (IoT) devices. The concept of “Digital Twin” has become increasingly influential and culminating in the field of CPS. The main objective of the study is to define the basic requirements to the digital twins for cyber-physical system and based on the different definitions and components of digital twins, to summarize and analyze approaches, methods and tools used for their development. This analysis should serve as a basis for the development of a methodology for creating digital twins for cyber-physical manufacturing systems in the process industry.

The IEC-62541 (OPC UA) standard is an important part of the Industry 4.0 reference architecture and is recommended as the only possible communication standard. A particularly important issue that is being addressed is the issue of security. Cyber security is one of the most important challenges for achieving the objectives of the Industry 4.0 initiative and of the associated cyber-physical systems (CPS). The paper analyzes the vulnerability of cyber-attacks and the main threats that threaten the security of OPC UA-based CPS and defines proven and sustainable recommendations for increasing the security of these applications.

Laying the foundations on which to build the cyber-physical world of the Fourth Industrial Revolution comes down to creating a unified platform for transforming existing information solutions to ones, that meet the requirements and capabilities of the new integrated world. The RAMI 4.0 standard aims to introduce the concept of “asset” as part of the cyber -physical world, as well as to describe the hierarchical structure of assets in an industrial enterprise during their life-cycle. A similar purpose has another standard – IEC/EN 62264, which describes the operations resources as objects for integration of information between information systems of different h ierarchical levels, as well as models of operational activities for definitions, planning, execution and collecting and analyzing information on these resources.

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) integrate computing, networking and physical dynamics and are characterized by a high degree of heterogeneity and parallelism, with high dimensionality and complexity, including a variety of decision-making capabilities and control logic. Modeling and simulation of cyber-physical systems are considered important stages in the design, development and operation of CPS and their components. The main aim of the paper is to describe and analyze the evolution of agent based approach in the field of CPS and to define the basic requirements to the agent based systems regarding CPS. Based on O-MaSE methodology a software process model for agent based development of CPS is proposed. The approach includes the creation of 10 models reflecting various aspects and functionality of the CPS. The suggested approach is analyzed in terms of meeting the basic requirements for agent-based systems, imposed by the peculiarities of cyber-physical systems and fundamental requirements for their introducing, such as flexibility/changeability, reliability, reconfigurability, adaptability/agility and dependability.

Industry 4.0 brings new challenges for the quantitative methods for the evaluation of system dependability properties such as reliability and safety. In this paper, we recall relevant Industry 4.0 and dependability concepts and provide an overview of available reliability and safety metrics and evaluation methods including event trees, fault trees, reliability block diagrams, and more sophisticated dynamic methods based on Markov chain models. The special focus is on the model-based application of these methods. The paper discusses several common MBSE paradigms, such as UML/SysML, AADL, and Simulink, that can be employed in the context of Industry 4.0 and allow automated generation of the dependability evaluation models. Finally, we discuss how the Industry 4.0 increases system complexity, justify what kind of dependability evaluation methods are required, and what limitations we still need to overcome.

The paper is devoted to a problem of an interdisciplinary interaction of researchers in a framework of big and ambitious projects implementation. This problem is of immediate interest in the modern scientific community since it is necessary to solve problems from various fields of scientific directions. For the implementation of breakthrough interdisciplinary projects and for the interaction of experts from different scientific fields, ITMO University decided to establish an interdisciplinary Laboratory of cyber-physical systems.

Speaking about Industry 4.0 we can’t help mentioning the role of optical sensors in building automation, especially in smart factories and automation of SCADA system. Building smart factories in concept of Industry 4.0 requires intelligent sensors and seems relevant. The paper considers management system of distributed factory and information security of it if there are used optical sensors.

Monitoring and control of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) have many challenges related to the heterogeneous environment, the high degree of interaction between the components and the high requirements for functionality and scale. The paper presents an analysis of the state of the art in this area and proposes an approach for monitoring and control of CPS through the integration of the IEC-61499 based models for distributed control systems and the IEC-61512 standard providing domain specific models for design and control of batch production processes as well as the Signal- Interpreted Petri Nets used for the purpose of formal specification and verification of unit procedures. The approach is illustrated with an example of CPS for loading a batch tank and mixing of liquid flow.