Industry 4.0
Vol. 9 (2024), Issue 1

Table of Contents

  • TECHNOLOGICAL BASIS OF “INDUSTRY 4.0”

    • Artificial intelligence in HR processes

      pg(s) 3-5

      In the digital era, radical changes occur in all processes, under the influence of the dynamic development and application of intelligent technologies, including of artificial intelligence. The report explains the specific areas of application of artificial intelligence in human resource management processes, as well as the corresponding changes in these processes. Based on their own research, the authors indicate the specific benefits of applying artificial intelligence to HR processes.

  • DOMINANT TECHNOLOGIES IN “INDUSTRY 4.0”

    • 2D semiconductive nanomaterials for sensor application

      pg(s) 6-9

      This paper presents an investigation of innovative nanostructured semiconductive materials, focusing on dichalcogenides of transition metals, particularly WS2. The properties of WS2 in the context of its application in sensor technology and highlight the anticipated advantages of nanostructured disulfides compared to bulk semiconductor materials are discussed in the introduction. We propose a model sensor element based on the nanostructured disulfide WS2 and introduce a technological method utilizing electron beam lithography (EBL) for its preparation. The paper details the processes involved in preparing the resist masking layer using EBL, the metallization of the interdigital electrode (IDE) with contacts and important EBL characteristics such as a contrast curve, dependence of the linewidth on the exposure dose, and the line edge roughness.

    • Application of gamma irradiation for decomposition of ochratoxin a, zearalenone and deoxynivalenol in wheat flour

      pg(s) 10-13

      The paper presents the applicability of gamma irradiation for the degradation of mycotoxins ochratoxin A, zearalenone and deoxynivalenol in wheat flour. The experiment was carried out by contamination of wheat flour samples with mixture of the mycotoxins and their gamma irradiaton with doses of 5 kGy, 10 kGy and 20 kGy using industrial gamma irradiation facility BULGAMMA. The concentrations of the mycotoxins before and after the radiation processing were measured by HPLC. The results showed that the application of a dose of 10 kGy resulted in incomplete decomposition of the investigated mycotoxins: 12 % of deoxynivalenol, 13 % of ochratoxin A and 37 % of zearalenone. The decomposition of the investigated mycotoxins in wheat flour achieved after gamma irradiation with a dose of 20 kGy was found to increase in the following order: ochratoxin A (48 %) > zearalenone (66 %) > deoxynivalenol (97 %).

    • Surface texturing by femtosecond laser of hierarchical porous freeze foam structures for orthopedic applications

      pg(s) 14-16

      The main challenge in the design of tissue substitutes is still the realization of a customized implant with good interface properties without any risk of subsequent inflammation. The application of laser bases methods to development of constructs with improved biomimetic properties is an excellent strategy owing to the possibility of fabricating complex scaffolds with hybrid porosities. The micro/nano porosity is an important condition for cell viability and tissue ingrowth. An interconnected pore structure will permit inwards diffusion of oxygen and nutrients and outwards diffusion of waste products from the scaffold. Ceramic materials are difficult to process due to their brittleness and chemical inertness, but they can be patterned by high energy ultrafast laser radiation, generating specific isotropic and anisotropic micro/nano topographies. The aim of this study is to be able to develop functional, porous biomaterials surface with improved porosity, biocompatibility, biodegradation rate and multifunctionality by employing Freeze Foaming/Hybrid Shaping technology and high precision ultra-short laser processing method. An important advantage of this approach is that the mechanical properties of treated surfaces remain the same after the treatment, which modifies roughness and hydrophilicity and therefore affects the response of cells and bacteria.

    • Reducing GHG emissions using wind-assisted ship’s propulsion

      pg(s) 17-20

      International trade is still heavily reliant on oceangoing vessels and the noxious bunker fuel that feeds most ships’ massive diesel engines. Although shipping contributes relatively small shares of GHG emissions per unit of transport work, without further action, emissions from the sector would continue to increase. Therefore the maritime community and ship-owning companies are attempting to achieve “green shipping”. The revolutionary technology to use the wind for assisting the ship’ propulsion is one of best steps for decarbonisation of shipping. This innovative technology could bring considerable reducing fuel consumption and cost savings, improving the ships efficiency as well. There are different ways to utilize the wind power, as several kinds of rotors, sails, kites, etc, some of them already installed on commercial ships, some are still dreams. The aim of this paper is to present the basic essence of wind-assisted propulsion and the environmental impact of its use.

    • Experimental verification of the surface wettability of welds with modified topography by contact angle measurement techniques

      pg(s) 21-24

      Paper presents experimental work focused on the application of the separating agent-lubricant SafetyLube 7815 on the surface of the tested samples: ground surface; polished surface; surface of the samples textured by laser in the mode stochastic texture mode. Duplex PVD coatings nACRo4, AlXN3 and AlTiN G were deposited on the surface. The aim of the experimental work was to approximate the breakin conditions of a new or renovated mould part for high pressure casting of aluminium alloys. The release agent-lubricant SafetyLube 7815 was applied to the surface of the specimens by dispersive spraying. The method of measuring the contact contact angle measurement, the influence of the finishing operations of the mould part surface on the surface wettability by contact angle measurement.

  • BUSINESS & “INDUSTRY 4.0”

    • A model for reengineering the company’s business processes, based on the Zero approach concept

      pg(s) 25-28

      Based on a comprehensive scientific overview of the concepts of reengineering and the studied good world practices and experience, a not very popular, but carrying great potential for a successful reengineering approach, known as the Zero approach, arouses interest. This comprehensive approach to cost optimization is so important for companies to be able to respond to industry changes and market shocks. The Zero approach can be adapted and used on a wider scale to help companies make structural changes that dramatically reduce costs and improve productivity. This publication presents a concept project for the experimental application of a modified version of the Zero approach, which can be embedded in a broader Zero-Based Redesign (ZBR) concept, and become a practical way for companies to radically reform and restructure their costs as fundamentally redesigning the way processes are carried out. This enables companies to design the ideal state of their key processes that will support the strategy, as well as how they can be executed in the most effective and efficient manner. ZBR helps companies streamline and accelerate processes using a combination of tactics: eliminating the unnecessary, looking for solutions beyond the industry, automating and digitizing activities and data, and reorganizing people and strengthening their abilities and qualifications.

    • Investigation of the academic entrepreneurship: research design

      pg(s) 29-31

      The paper presents the research design of an international project focused on academic entrepreneurship culture and entrepreneurial education. The entrepreneurship is a key feature of the market economy and the democratic development of the countries, leading to better living standard. However, the entrepreneurial culture, knowledge and skills need to be upgraded in countries, who used to apply a planned economy approach. Thus, an examination of the current state of entrepreneurial culture is required and an approach for its development needs to be provided. The academic environment is the best place, where such an examination can be performed, and proposal can be elaborated. The current paper presents an international project, aiming to explore unrevealed strengths of academic entrepreneurship in detail and in various aspects oriented to students, academic staff, and businesspeople. The paper aims to present the scientific context in which the project is positioned and the research design of the project.

    • Development of operational safety of the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan (BTC) main pipelines, based on the improvement of methodical approaches to the study of the leakage problem

      pg(s) 32-34

      One of the urgent problems of the main oil pipelines is to ensure safe operation of the line part, which is solved primarily by carrying out repair works on the scene of accidents identified as a result of proper monitoring. In order to choose adequate measures for warning about disasters and accidents, it is necessary to create scientific-methodical and relevant technical bases for a quantitative assessment of the risk of their detection. In these conditions, it is impossible to solve the key technical problems of the safe operation of pipelines without the use of methodology and a risk-oriented approach.
      That is why the choice of modern techniques and methods to ensure the safety of main pipelines based on risk analysis, depends on the development of scientifically based methods adapted to the given problem.
      Therefore, the aim of the research is to increase the safety of the operation of Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan (BTC) main pipelines, based on improving methodical approaches to the study of accidents on pipelines, in particular leakage.

  • SOCIETY & ”INDUSTRY 4.0”

    • Knowledge Sharing Education System

      pg(s) 35-38

      The main goal of the system is for the students enrolled in it to receive additional exercises to help them learn material in various disciplines. In this way, they will have the opportunity for better preparation and will get better results in the discipline s that are taught to them. Through the knowledge sharing system, advanced students who wish to share their knowledge of a subject will be able to register an exercise to lead on days that are convenient for them. This exercise takes place in a system -specified free room at a school/university. Each student has the opportunity to sign up for a given exercise. When recording, the exercise leader can monitor how many student s will attend. The system is managed through administrator accounts. Through them, the events in the system are trac ked, and if necessary, the cold and exercise data can be added, changed and deleted.

    • Limitation and Regulation of Access to Information to Achieve Information Security in the Interaction of National Security Systems in Crisis Situations Related to Cyber Security and Cyber Defence

      pg(s) 39-41

      Achieving information security in the organization is related to the implementation of certain standard security procedures. The set of methods and tools for information security and communication and information systems (CIS) are the tools for implementing these procedures. The subject of the research is the subsystem for limiting and regulating access to information and communication and information systems, which is necessary for the analysis and simulation modelling of the interaction of national security systems in crisis situations related to cybersecurity and cyber defence.

    • Analysis of Human Development Index (HDI) in Georgia with Local Regions

      pg(s) 42-47

      The human development index (HDI) is a statistical composite index for assessing the human development (HD) of a country or region of the world. For 2021, HDI was analyzed for 191 countries of the world (HDR report that was published in 2022). The maximum value of HDI=0.962 was the country of Switzerland, and the minimum value of HDI=0.3385 was the country of South Sudan. The mean value of HDI for all countries of the world in 2021 was AM=0.732. The paper contains an analysis of data of the human development index (HDI) in Georgia with local regions for the period 2000-2021. Based on the HDI index, Georgia was ranked in the Q2 quartile for the period 2000-2021, with CGI=114.25 [%] per year in 2021 compared to 2000 and average annual growth rate (AAGR)=0.74 [%]. The capital Tbilisi had the highest values of the SHDI index in Georgia for the period 2000-2021, so for the regions Adjara, Imereti Racha-Lochkhumi Kv, etc., while the region Mtskheta-Mtianeti has the lowest values of the SHDI index.