Industry 4.0
Vol. 5 (2020), Issue 1

Table of Contents

  • TECHNOLOGICAL BASIS OF “INDUSTRY 4.0”

    • DIGITAL INFRASTRUCTURE IN GEORGIA AS A CONDITION FOR SUCCESSFUL APPLICATION INDUSTRY 4.0

      pg(s) 3-6

      New generation of digitized factories in Industry 4.0 is based on a combination of cyber-physical systems (CPS) and digital technologies, to provide an integrated and intelligent synergy in production process, linking the physical, digital and virtual world. Industry 4.0 uses production systems, CPS, CPPS, SCPS and robots in combination with digital technologies IoS, IoP, IoT, IIoT, IoE, CC and etc. The digital infrastructure of a country can be evaluated using different development indices, such as: IDI, EGDI, TII, OSI and etc. The paper is given of trend analyzes of development indices (DI) for using ICT and the Internet., EGDI and TII in Georgia for the period 2003 to 2018.

    • INDUSTRY 4.0 APPLICATIONS IN WET WIPES MACHINES

      pg(s) 7-9

      Wet wipe machines are machines for high capacity production at high speeds. Even the short downtimes of the machines in the production area lead to huge losses for manufacturers. However, in these machines; unexpected breakdowns such as belt breakage, bearing damage, sensor motor failures, pneumatic air leaks are frequently encountered. In order to prevent unwanted stoppages, a sensor, actuator and plc based application has been implemented to prevent failure parameters and to detect faultlessly by monitoring the operation parameters. As a result of the studies carried out, our wet wipe machines that we produce have been adapted to the industry 4.0 concept.

    • IEC 61499 BASED CONTROL OF CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEMS

      pg(s) 10-13

      Monitoring and control of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) have many challenges related to the heterogeneous environment, the high degree of interaction between the components and the high requirements for functionality and scale. The paper presents an analysis of the state of the art in this area and proposes and analyses different combined approaches for control of CPS based on IEC-61499 standard. The approaches are divided in two groups. The first group of approaches combines IEC-61499 standard with advanced methods of software engineering, such as formal methods and model-driven development, based on UML/SysML. The second group uses other standards as IEC- 61512 and PLCopen to be combined with IEC-61499 standard in order to improve the development lifecycle of cyber-physical systems.

    • RULES FOR CHOOSING COMPONENTS OF A SINGLE DIGITAL PASSPORT FOR THE GENERATION OF CAD DESIGN SOLUTIONS

      pg(s) 14-15

      In previous articles, it was shown that for “Industry 4.0” production one of the important tasks is the collection, storage, analysis and processing of product data and related design and production procedures. This determines the implementation of PDM, ERP, MES and/ or EAM systems at enterprises and the construction of a metasystem based on them – a single digital passport. Its content allows to automate the generation of design decisions for timely management decisions, as well as to propose an approach to solve the problem of minimizing the impact of the human factor for the tasks of Industry 4.0. Therefore, the work presents the results of the development of the rules for choosing the components of a single digital passport for the generation of design solutions based on the principle of building a fuzzy Takagi-Sugeno-Kang network. The results obtained will allow to formulate a criterion for the similarity of the production object and the design and production procedure in the digital environment to the given requirements based on linear approximation methods.

    • RESEARCH CHALLENGES OF INDUSTRY 4.0

      pg(s) 16-20

      The paper describes the definitions of industry 4.0 and the factors that influence their formation. It describes the areas
      that it affects and which are involved in the formation of a new generation industry. Paper also discusses problems that arise in areas related to industry 4.0 when combining them and possible ways to solve them, especially the organization of the production process. Making a focus on properties of software for industrial devices.

    • METHOD FOR IMPROVING ACCURACY OF MOBILE AR NAVIGATORS

      pg(s) 21-22

      The development of augmented reality (AR) technologies and the capabilities of modern mobile devices has led to the emergence of a new class of AR mobile navigation systems. One of the basic requirement of such applications is device localization and precise mapping of the route and other visual objects to observed environment, which requires high accuracy of positioning and orientation.
      This paper addresses the problem of localization precision in AR navigators and proposes general concept of improving accuracy of basic GPS-based methods by augmenting them with local device information about its position. Some algorithms and experimental results are provided to demonstrate benefits of the proposed method.

  • DOMINANT TECHNOLOGIES IN “INDUSTRY 4.0”

    • THE APPLICATION OF ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING IN DEVELOPING 3D PRINTED PROSTETHICS AND ORTHOTIC DEVICES

      pg(s) 23-26

      This paper covers the advanced Additive Manufacturing (AM) techniques used to fabricate prostethic and orthotic devices. It reviews the available literature and summarizes the advances in medicine, computing and engineering that have led to the development of currently available prostheses. Some of the open-source bionic hands and other available prosthesis are shown, as well as the technologies and materials which are used to manufacture the parts. Since prototyping, combined with the possibility for easy maintenance and repair, is very attractive for prosthesis design, as a conclusion we summarize and discuss some of the key areas that could lead to improvements in bionic limb functionality and use.

    • ENERGY CONSUMPTION EVALUATION OF THE HEATING VENTILATION AIR CONDITION THROUGH HOURLY ANALYSIS PROGRAM SOFTWARE

      pg(s) 27-28

      During the last two decades the Heating Ventilation Air Condition (HVAC) systems have been used to enable heating, cooling and ventilation of buildings with the primary aim of meeting the requirements of thermal comfort and indoor air quality. In this research work, energy consumption in buildings has been analysed by using Hourly Analysis Program (HAP) software. The object of our research work was focused in the Polytechnic University of Tirana. Mathematical models of thermal calculations have been based on the international standard ISO 13790: 2008 on energy use and thermal performance of buildings.

    • INDUSTRY 4.0 AND THE DIGITAL TWIN FOR BUILDING INDUSTRY

      pg(s) 29-32

      Technology and innovations have powered the evolution of Industry4.0, the fourth industrial revolution.
      State-of-the-art technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing (CC), big data analytics (BDA), and artificial intelligence (AI) – all part of Industry4.0, have greatly stimulated the building industry. Digital Тwin is a significant enabler for Industry 4.0 initiatives. Within Industry 4.0, the amount of digital product information generated and collected over the entire lifecycle has been growing.
      Although digital twins have been around for several decades, the rapid rise of the internet of things (IoT) is that they have become more widely considered as a tool of the future. Digital twins are getting attention because they also integrate things like artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) to bring data, algorithms, and context together
      A ―digital twin‖—or digital replica of a physical entity—can target building industry in several sub-areas:
      – Facility management
      – Product Lifecycle Management
      – Smart Buildings
      – Smart energy
      All these areas are one giant step further by creating a Digital Twin — a virtual representation of real-world buildings that can be viewed and scrutinized in minute detail. This research describes business cases and best practices in design of IoT Solutions for building industry, powered by Digital Twins. A reference architecture and prototypes which demonstrate application of Digital Twins in Smart are created as a result of this study .This research is technology agnostic, but prototypes of sample solutions are considered in the context of Microsoft Azure (Azure solutions, covering Azure Digital Twins Service and Azure IoT Stack.)

  • BUSINESS & “INDUSTRY 4.0”

    • DIGITAL PLATFORM FOR BUILDING ENTREPRENEURIAL SKILLS AND COMPETITIVENESS IN THE CONSTRUCTION SECTOR

      pg(s) 33-36

      Digital platforms for education are one of the newest and most effective online tools for collaboration and knowledge accumulation. The construction industry could benefit from such a platform to prepare a new generation of building entrepreneurs. The webbased platform has many advantages like creating new ecosystems of data, information, knowledge, people, processes and things. Therefore, the article entitled Digital Platform for Building Entrepreneurial Skills and Competitiveness in The Construction Sector presents a modern way of obtaining business skills. It models an affordable, user-friendly digital system for learning and teaching the best practices in the construction industry.

    • ANALYSIS OF THE POWER TRANSFORMER OPERATION SUPPLYING A COMBINED NON-LINEAR LOAD IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR – PART II: INFLUENCE OF THE CURRENT HARMONICS

      pg(s) 37-40

      Much of the technical equipment in energy, industry, commerce and the public sector (electronic equipment, electric motors, furnaces, chargers, uninterruptible power supplies, etc.) are inherently non-linear loads and are sources of harmonic distortion of currents. Non-linear loads adversely affect all components of the power system: they increase losses in transformers and electric motors by thermal loading their windings, increasing dielectric and/or mechanical losses and generally reduce the efficiency of the electrical system. The paper deals with operation of a power transformer that supplies combined non-linear load in a public building

    • BIOECONOMICS – A STRATEGIC SECTOR IN THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY

      pg(s) 41-44

      The concept of a circular economy is a model of production and consumption that minimizes waste in the environment. It brings benefits not only to nature but also to the economy and society as a whole. This is a model aimed at extending the product life cycle. When a product reaches the end of its life, the materials of which it is composed continue to be reused. This is repeated many times to minimize waste disposal. In practice, this means sharing, borrowing, reusing, repairing and recycling existing materials and products as long as possible. The bio- economy in the European Union is growing much faster than the rest of the economy, which will lead to the creation of more jobs and the continuation of the digital transformation of the European economy. Bio-economy covers all sectors and systems that use biological resources. It is one of the largest and most important sectors of the EU and includes agriculture and forestry, fisheries, agro-food, biomass and bio-based products. Its annual turnover is about 2 trillion euros, and it employs about 18 million people. Bio-economy is also a key area for stimulating growth in rural and coastal areas. The new bio-economy strategy fits in with the Commission’s efforts to further boost jobs, growth and investment. It aims to improve and expand the sustainable use of renewable sources to overcome global challenges such as climate change and sustainable development. The purpose of the study is to analyze the situation in Bulgaria for the development of the bio- sector in terms of production capacity, potential for growth of the bio-production sector, to study the conditions, difficulties and prospects for the development of exports of bio- products. The analysis will serve to evaluate the opportunities for Bulgarian bioeconomy development, the innovation encouraging measures in this sector and the diversification of this sector. The results of the Bioeconomy research distinguish strategic areas: sustainable consumption and production through responsible consumers and producers; knowledge society through information development and training; government to help adapting to new business realities; climate change and energy; sustainable transport and mobility; conservation and sustainable management of biodiversity and natural resources; public health and risk prevention with an emphasis on environmental quality; demography and migration and social inclusion; challenges in the field of sustainable development; global poverty reduction.

    • CIRCULAR ECONOMY OF FOUNDRY INDUSTRY 4.0

      pg(s) 45-47

      The use of mathematical models of control processes in foundry such as: K-test and Chemical spectral analysis is a good set of mathematics (thermal conductivity theory) and theoretical physics (first-order phase transition) are important elements for ensuring high quality castings in micro-foundries.
      The idea of estimating the overheating of a liquid metal alloy based on the appearance of a curing process upon filling has been developed. These control processes combined with zone refining are an important opportunity to create a waste-free foundry in a circular economy in Industry 4.0.

  • SOCIETY & ”INDUSTRY 4.0”

    • COMPARISON OF METHODS FOR EVALUATING THE ENTRANT’S CHOICE OF THE UNIVERSITY

      pg(s) 48-51

      The article is a continuation and a generalisation of a series of copyright publications on the problem of choosing a higher education institution by entrants and their parents. Instead, the article emphasises the need to consider the interests of both parties: the entrants and the legal entities that act as investors of the educational process with the intention of getting a specialist for their organisation (enterprises, institutions) in the future. At the same time, an important aspect is the use of the proposed indicators by the university as a provider of educational services.

    • TOURISM ECONOMICS WITHIN INDUSTRY 4.0: CORPORATIZATION APPROACH FOR UKRAINIAN REGIONS

      pg(s) 52-54

      Challenges of Industry 4.0 will have a great influence on the field of tourism, as well. Society will need some places, a kind of reservations, to save and keep pure nature with variety of its wealth. Such locations will be of a huge touristic demand. That will become both a scientific and business problem in formation of brand-new ecological tourism products – to find a balance between an untouched natural reality and virtual entertainment opportunities of Industry 4.0 era. This is even more complex for developing countries, like Ukraine, and its provinces, like Kherson region. Economics of regional tourism, with corporatization processes involved, becomes an important  scientific problem, considering the challenges of Industry 4.0.