Industry 4.0
Vol. 7 (2022), Issue 6

Table of Contents

  • TECHNOLOGICAL BASIS OF “INDUSTRY 4.0”

    • Role of CAD systems in the context of Industry 4.0

      pg(s) 201-202

      In the article has been analysed the role of CAD systems in the context of Industry 4.0.The fundamental principles of Industry 4.0 have been viewed and which features of CAD systems meet the principles of Industry 4.0 and which do not.The existing classification of designing have been analyzed and a new concept design classification is proposed,according the principles and the concept of Industry 4.0,whitch is more precise and adequate for smart products..

    • Analysis of operational data on the work of hydro power plant

      pg(s) 203-207

      Paper focuses on the use of renewable energy sources and in particular the use of water energy. A hydro power plant is a complex of facilities and equipment for converting the energy of the water flow into electrical energy. The advantages of hydro power plants are obvious – a supply of energy constantly renewed by nature itself, simplicity of operation, absence of environmental pollution. Taking into account the growing role of small and medium-sized enterprises in the economic development, both of an individual country and on a global scale, as well as the widespread orientation towards the use of renewable energy sources in the production of electricity, the main goal of the current development is the analysis of the operation of the electrical part of a specific hydro power plant with small power. Statistical processing of operational data on the change of certain variables was carried out. In conclusion, it is summarized that the hydro power plant under consideration has good operational indicators.

    • Model driven development of manufacturing execution system based on IEC/EN 62264 standard

      pg(s) 208-212

      The need to improve the performance of production systems, related to increasing the level of coordination and integration of all resources and production functions in order to achieve flexibility and higher competitiveness, causes a growing interest in properly describing all processes. The most promising approach is Model Driven Development combined with appropriate standard. The aim of the paper is to propose a model driven development approach for manufacturing execution system based on IEC/EN 622264 standard

    • Using blockchain technology for ID management: a case study for Albania

      pg(s) 213-218

      In this paper we have presented a framework, which proposes to adopt blockchain technology for ID card management in Albania, to increase the security and privacy of personal data. The way how the actual ID cards in Albanian tend to offer security is by using a microprocessor, encrypting the data in the card. However, the centralized data management systems have single points of failure that leave the system vulnerable to attack and operational risks such as: (1) inside hacking, where unauthorized changes of personal information may happen from the inside system; (2) fake digital identities creation or (3) sale of personal identity‟s data to third interested parties. An answer to address the above-mentioned drawbacks is a decentralized identity management system, which calls for a user-centered strategy and returns complete identification control to the individual. Blockchain technology has the potential to revolutionize modern civilizations and their applications. Administrative processes, security, privacy, integrity and confidentiality are some actions that could have an impact. Furthermore, we present an analysis of previous work on blockchain-based identity management and provide a proposal use case applicable in Albania compared to actual implementation.

  • DOMINANT TECHNOLOGIES IN “INDUSTRY 4.0”

    • Defect detection by frequency analysis of flexural vibrations of free-free composite beam

      pg(s) 219-221

      This paper presents experimental investigations using a vibration method by impulse excitation of free flexural oscillations of composite beams. The purpose of the study is to establish the sensitivity of the method and technique used for defect detection and localization. To realize the objective, rectangular groove type defects were simulated at different distances and depths. The influence of the location and depth of the artificial cracks on the dynamic properties of the beams was investigated. The resonance frequencies were determined by frequency analysis. A decrease in the resonant frequencies of the flexural oscillations is observed. The experiments conducted show a change in the dynamic characteristics of the beam depending on the dimensions and location of the defects.

    • Investigation on mechanical properties of Co-Cr-Mo alloy manufactured by selective laser melting

      pg(s) 222-225

      Additive manufacturing approach is thought to be a key element to meet the needs of Industry 4.0. Selective laser melting (SLM) is a powder bed fusion additive manufacturing method for producing fully functional components. It is critical to determine the fatigue behavior of components produced by selective laser melting in order to fulfill the needs of industries with rigorous norms and criteria, such as the aviation industry. However, the rapid heating and cooling cycle caused by the nature of the SLM process has a negative mechanical effect on the components manufactured by this process.. Mechanical properties such as hardness and fatigue behavior should be disclosed for Co-Cr-Mo alloy manufactured by SLM technique. In this study, hardness and fatigue tests were performed on Co-Cr-Mo alloy components manufactured by SLM, and microstructure images were acquired and evaluated. When the microstructure of the samples was analyzed, tiny precipitates localized at the grain boundaries were discovered, along with the dominating γ phase. The average hardness value of the samples subjected to the Vickers microhardness test was 482±10. The fatigue life of the samples at the maximum stress of 800 MPa was 47,351 cycles. At the minimum stress of 400 MPa, the fatigue life exceeded 107 cycles. When fatigue fracture surfaces were examined, flat fracture surfaces similar to semi-cleavage were detected. The results will contribute to the literature on the mechanical characterization of SLM manufactured Co-Cr-Mo alloy components.

    • Study The Influence of Immersion in The Synthesis of Thin Layers on a Composite Substrates.

      pg(s) 226-227

      Dip coating is a common liquid deposition technique used in research and also for industrial production to produce polymeric, hybrid, and inorganic thin films of controlled thickness. During liquid deposition, the substrate withdrawal rate allows, in principle, easy tuning of the deposited film thickness. However, experimentally, unexplained thickness irreproducibility or strong fluctuations of sol-gel films are often observed when coating large substrates, which is a critical problem for optical coatings such as anti-reflective/reflective coatings. In this study, we present improved coatings obtained by sol gel-like multilayer structures composed of ZrO2-Y2O3 coating. The phase composition and morphology were analyzed by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) suitable for characterizing the surface properties of the obtained materials.

    • Development and Production of Molding Equipment and Plastic masses using new compounding formulations, plastic pressing, drying, high-temperature liquid-phase synthesis and properties of a prototype batch of “yellow” paving stones

      pg(s) 228-231

      The research is related to the creation of new compounding formulations for the production of “yellow” paving stones. This was necessary due to denied access to a potential source of suitable raw material from the deposit near the village of Svetlen, Popovo municipality. Marlstone raw material from this deposit has the necessary qualities for such production, as a result of which, after hightemperature liquid-phase synthesis, new petrurgic phases with high physicochemical and mechanical properties can be formed. The new compounding formulation of the molding mass was developed on the basis of marlstone sedimentary rock from the Alexandra deposit, located near the village of Lovets, Targovishte district. The use of this compounding formulation makes it possible to obtain appropriate physicochemical and mechanical properties and a yellow coloring equivalent to that of the reference samples.

    • Synthesis and characterization of nanostructured hematite for wastewater treatment

      pg(s) 232-233

      Removal of heavy metals ions from water sources still represents a challenge and different materials are being developed in order to overcome it. Iron oxide nanomaterials receive a lot of attention because of their small size, high surface area, biocompatibility and low cost. However, most of the reported synthesis methods are multi-step and time-consuming. We investigated the co-precipitation method for the synthesis of nanostructured hematite prepared at different temperatures and different calcination times. The obtained materials were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. The adsorption capacity for Pb(II) ions was found to be about 6–12 mg of adsorbed Pb(II) per gram of adsorbent.

  • BUSINESS & “INDUSTRY 4.0”

    • Emissions to air in a seaport caused by cargo dispersion through the handling operations with dry bulks

      pg(s) 234-239

      After general theoretical introduction referred on port related emissions, in this paper, special focus is given to emission to air in a seaport caused by dispersion of cargo through handling operation with dry bulk cargoes (and their storing on open storage area). In that context, on the concrete object of research – handling operations with dry bulk cargoes in the Port of Bar (Montenegro) – are analyzed elements which determine quantities of dispersed cargoes by handling operations types and their phases, considered intensity of emissions to air caused by cargo dispersion and recognized principal direction of action in order to reduce that dispersion (and consequent emissions to air).

  • SOCIETY & ”INDUSTRY 4.0”

    • Production engineering curriculum in the context of Industry 4.0 – current state of art and necessary changes in AP of Vojvodina and Republic of Srpska

      pg(s) 240-243

      Industry 4.0 (I4.0) provides the framework for a new industrial revolution based on digitalization and networking. This production concept is based on the intelligent connection of mechanical engineering, electronics and software. The development of the I4.0 concept has directly contributed to the development of new technologies and business models as well as new ways of working and thinking. The implementation of Industry 4.0 technologies in the education of engineers is a basic prerequisite for the development of the economy and society. For this reason, university education of production engineers must constantly change and adapt to modern production technologies and systems. The widespread application of new technologies in production practise requires a rapid response from the university community, which is reflected in the introduction of innovations in the traditional education of production engineers. The paper analyses the current curriculum of production engineering studies at the Faculty of Technical Sciences in Novi Sad (Republic of Serbia, AP of Vojvodina) and the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering in Banja Luka (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Republic of Srpska) in terms of the requirements and needs of Industry 4.0. Based on the analysis, proposals and guidelines for their innovation were given.

    • Accounting education and sustainability reporting

      pg(s) 244-247

      A recent challenge towards accounting education that is expected to amplify its transformation in a span of a decade is the sustainability reporting which has already started to reshape the corporate reporting landscape. As a result of its standardisation, a recently emerged trend that currently dominates the development of the sustainability reporting, the companies are forced to enhance disclosures about their environmental and social impact. This will increase the requirements of employers in regards of the core skills and competences of the future accountants. In light of this new trend that continues to reshape the future of the accounting education along with the Fourth industrial revolution, this paper aims at analysing the impact of sustainability reporting and approaches for implementing it into the accounting curriculum.

    • On the Possibility of Interpretable Rules Generation for the Classification of Malware Samples

      pg(s) 248-250

      Nowadays, sophisticated models and approaches are used in the field of Malware classification or detection. Modern trends propose the use of black-box kind of models like Deep learning or Neural networks, thus, often, the results are not human-interpretable. In this paper we focus on the well-known EMBER dataset with the focus on interpretable models like Decision trees and Decision tables. We were able to generate interpretable classification trees, which can serve in conjunction with the concept-learning or as a support for ontology creation.

    • Human factor in industry 4.0 and the role of inter-generational collabotation

      pg(s) 251-253

      The objective of the paper is to analyze pros and cons of different generations from the point of view of their readiness to satisfy the required labor skills criteria for the Industry 4.0 workforce and willingness to participate in the process of upcoming transformation. The basic conclusion is that today´s coexistence of different generations should be transformed into an active and efficient collaboration. In many organizations teams consisting of workers belonging to different generations will be working and in these teams older (or even middle-aged ) colleagues should share their professional know-how and practical experience with younger colleagues and younger members  should use their digital capabilities to achieve common objectives of the organization.

    • Classification of Green Energies and Possibilities of their Effective Use

      pg(s) 254-258

      Wind, water, earth and fire, according to ancient philosophy, are the basic elements of the entire cosmos, with the help of which the existence of all things on planet earth is realized. Three (wind, water and earth) of these four basic elements represent renewable energy sources (RES), and in that sense also sources of green energy (GE). While the world, especially in the most developed countries of the world, has advanced far in the application of various forms of green energy, in Georgia this field is in its infancy and it cannot be predicted when the first major positive developments in this field will be made. The paper provides a basic division of sources (forms) of energy, taking into account the possibility of depletion over time, as well as examples of efficient application of hybrid green energy systems, for converting energy, primarily wind and sun, into electrical energy. Thus, the development and application of hybrid green energy systems, from a scientific and industrial point of view, will be one of the main goals in the future.