International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

Globalization in the modern world covers all areas of life, economy and modern technology, politics and culture. The rapid development of information and communication technologies makes it possible to provide competitive advantages to business organizations. In recent decades, information systems have led to a dramatic increase in the productivity of large and small businesses. This enables an accelerated transition to climate neutrality and digital transformation of the economy, society and industry and requires new technologies, investments and innovations to ensure the sustainable development and competitiveness of every business and a resource-efficient and competitive economy as a whole. The integration of digital technologies in production processes plays an increasingly important role in shaping the competitiveness of enterprises and their sustainable development in the modern world.

This paper explores the pivotal role of technology and innovation in enhancing the resilience of Bulgaria’s critical infrastructure. It examines the integration of advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence, Internet of Things (IoT), blockchain, digital twins, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), cyber-physical systems (CPS), and big data analytics in sectors like hazardous waste management, border security, and airport security. By analyzing case studies and current implementations, the paper highlights the successes and challenges faced in adopting these technologies. The study also discusses the importance of public-private partnerships and regulatory frameworks in fostering an environment conducive to technological innovation. The findings underscore the necessity for continuous investment in technology to safeguard critical infrastructure against emerging threats and to ensure long-term sustainability.

Nowadays there are millions of people who use the internet and each of them is a potential customer for a company that offers online sales. Due to the rapid development of technology, companies that are interested in selling their products through the use of the internet will have to constantly seek for a competitive advantage in this fierce competition. E-commerce is emerging as a new way to help businesses increase competitiveness and thus contribute to the country’s economic success. The COVID-19 situation made people live differently, buy differently and think differently. During the period of total quarantine of individuals but also of shops, online trading was seen as a necessity by companies. The internet is a good way to get new requests from consumers. This is why it is important for online retailers. During the COVID-19 period, companies needed to manage change, finding new ways to be close to customers through online sales, but also designing new ways of working. The purpose of this article is to identify the management of changes by Albanian companies in the use of technology as well as e-commerce during and after the COVID -19 period.

The paper studies the evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties of copper wire during a new combined deformation process. The essence of the technological process is deformation of wire in a rotating equal-channel step matrix and subsequent drawing. The matrix rotates around the wire axis and thereby creates stress due to equal-channel angular drawing and twisting in the matrix. The deformed copper wire was investigated by transmission electron microscopy and EBSD analysis, as well as tensile tests and microhardness determination. The deformation resulted in an ultrafine-grained gradient microstructure having a high component of high-angle grain
boundaries. The tensile strength of the deformed copper wire compared to the undeformed one increases more than twice from 302 to 635 MPa, and the yield strength increases from 196 to 306 MPa, an increase of 56%. The use of such hardened copper wire in construction will reduce the weight of the structure by reducing the diameter.

In response to these global threats, it is essential that nations work together to develop coordinated approaches to ensure global security. This requires building trust, sharing information, and collaborating to develop effective solutions that address the root causes of these threats. One important step in ensuring global security is to focus on the prevention of crises before they occur. This can be achieved by investing in early warning systems, improving communication and cooperation between nations, and addressing the underlying causes of conflict and instability. Another key factor in ensuring global security is to promote sustainable development that prioritizes environmental protection, social justice, and economic progress. This can help to prevent resource scarcity and social inequality, which are often key drivers of conflict and insecurity. In addition, it is important to recognize the central role of technology in shaping global security. While technology can create new threats, it can also be harnessed to develop innovative solutions that promote global security. This includes investing in cybersecurity, developing new technologies to address environmental challenges, and promoting access to education and information to help people around the world build resilience and respond effectively to emerging threats. Global security is a complex and multifaceted issue that requires a coordinated and collaborative approach from nations around the world. By working together to prevent crises, promote sustainable development, and harness the power of technology, we can build a more secure and resilient world for generations to come.

The process of obtaining bronze powders of grade BrSn5Zn5Pb5, obtained by the method of induction melting and spraying of the metal melt with an inert gas, has been studied. It is known that in the production of BrSn5Tsn5Pb5 powder, the main losses of zinc occur during the melting of the components. To study the possibility of reducing zinc losses in the melt, a zinc-containing composite alloying material has been developed. Its effect on the chemical composition of BrSn5Zn5Pb5 powders obtained by induction melting and spraying the melt with an inert gas has been studied.

The article presents the results of a study of the conditions for further improvement and development of high-tech agricultural production in Ukraine. The purpose of this study is to define conceptual approaches to the technical and technological modernization of the agro-industrial complex as a key element of sustainable development of the real sector of Ukraine’s economy and strategic directions of research in agricultural science. The study found that in the context of inevitable climate change, the basis for the formation of highly automated agriculture will be flexible environmentally friendly technological processes in agricultural production, built on fundamentally new technical and technological principles, namely: intellectualization, digitalization, integrated automation and robotization. A concept for the development of high-tech agricultural production in Ukraine based on the principles of sustainable development and the innovative concept of Industry 4.0 was also developed, which will ensure high and sustainable economic growth of the agro-industrial complex, development of domestic agricultural engineering and related sectors of the economy. The strategic tasks for agricultural science in the development of the technical and technological base of highly automated agricultural production are outlined. The study of modern trends in the development of economies of advanced countries and their effectiveness give grounds to assert that the identified strategic directions of technical and technological modernization of the agricultural sector will be the basis for the formation of an effective model for the development of high-tech agro-industrial climate-oriented production in Ukraine.

On the example of a powder based on mullite, the process of obtaining highly porous ceramic filter materials using porous shells on removable spherical carriers was tested, including the deposition of thin shell coatings from powder based on mullite on spherical granules of expanded polystyrene, pressing the mixture in the form of evenly distributed in the powder of the same composition ( matrix) and sintering. It’s shown that the resulting material is characterized by a good complex of filtering properties and a developed biporous structure.

The technology for increasing the productivity of the sintering powders of tin-phosphorous bronze grade BrSn10Ph1 process is described. The data on technological factors influencing the implementation of the sintering process, the equipment used, product quality control and the resulting products are given.

Big Data is becoming one of the most important technology trends. It presents a potential that is radically changing the way organizations use their information to be closer to customers by organizing in a way that benefits from the customer experience and transforms their business models.
Although Big Data is an ever-climbing trend in terms of industry, its meaning is still hidden by many conceptual ambiguities. The term is used to describe a wide range of concepts: from technological ability to storage, aggregation, data processing and finally their generation. In this paper the focus is at Big Data, because they are the technology of the future and in one way or another, they are affecting every field of industry. Furthermore, companies are increasingly trusting the possibility of using data as a valuable business asset to benefit and bring a competitive advantage compared to other companies. In the paper is presented also a SWOT Analysis that is conducted about Big Data information showing the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and risks that they carry. Also are presented the challenges of Big Data Technologies for the future. At the end of the paper, there are conclusions and recommendations about the topic.

Language learning and technology has now become an interesting field of inquiry for many research scholars and professionals in the field of second language acquisition. Advances in information technology have affected second language teaching and learn ing as well. A plethora of research on the development of second language skills has surged especially in the last two decades. A number of studies employing various research designs and methodological approaches have provided some evidence on the effectiveness of technology on second language learning and teaching. However, much of research has shown mixed findings and inconclusive results. Hence, research community is encouraging further studies on the pursuit of finding out for whom and under what condition s is technology rather effective in language learning and teaching. This paper presents a brief review of previous studies and some preliminary research on the effects of technology, i.e. multimedia annotations/glossing on second language vocabulary learning. This paper draws on Mayer’s Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning (2009) and examines the impact of multimedia annotations on second language vocabulary learning. Prelimin ary research shows that certain multimedia annotation modes yield positive evidence on enhancing second language reading comprehension and vocabulary learning.

Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs) enable communication in networks with low density, low connectivity and high mobility. DTNs are suitable in areas where an infrastructure does not exist. DTNs use store-carry-forward approach. The performance of such networks is strongly connected with nodes mobility. Vehicles can be part of DTNs. In this paper we will investigate the role of buffer size and vehicles of transportation system as message forwarders in a DTN in Tirana city. The performance metrics for evaluation are delivery probability, average latency and overhead ratio. The simulation results show that transportation system can be used as a backbone for DTNs in urban areas.